【摘要】：生物礁屬于一種特殊的碳酸鹽巖構(gòu)造,它是由各種抗浪耐沖擊的、具有極強生命力的造礁生物組成的。在其生長過程中,造礁生物的演替和古地理環(huán)境的演化共同作用于生物礁,同時控制著生物礁的形態(tài)、結(jié)構(gòu)、構(gòu)造以及規(guī)模大小和分布范圍。由于它的生長環(huán)境處于水動力較強的地方,因而其孔隙度、滲透率較好,具備很好的儲集空間。生物礁是石油和天然氣良好的儲存場所,具有豐度大、產(chǎn)能高的特征,對于儲藏油氣資源具有得天獨厚的優(yōu)勢。研究生物礁對于精確劃分和對比地層,以及研究如何恢復(fù)古地理環(huán)境和旋回性事件等方面具有重要的地質(zhì)意義。本文以四川盆地川東TLP地區(qū)的長興組生物礁為研究對象,該生物礁氣藏屬碳酸鹽巖巖性圈閉氣藏。雖然它具有較好的孔隙度、滲透率,但是其儲層的非均質(zhì)性強,縱橫向差異大,各向異性強,埋藏深度較大。從地球物理意義上分析,其地震的同相軸雜亂、不連續(xù),地震資料的分辨率低,內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,無法很好地進行層位追蹤,因而多解性較強。針對生物礁儲層識別的難點,本文參照地質(zhì)、測井、地震資料,同時利用地震相、沉積相分析技術(shù)、屬性分析技術(shù)、古地貌分析技術(shù),進行多種儲層預(yù)測處理方法試驗,以此來劃分生物礁邊界,并進行生物礁有利相帶分布預(yù)測,從而建立區(qū)內(nèi)長興組儲層響應(yīng)模式。在預(yù)測方法的實驗效果基礎(chǔ)上,利用亮點技術(shù)、道積分技術(shù)、速度反演預(yù)測上二疊統(tǒng)系長興組儲層的分布范圍及厚度。最后采用頻率屬性分析方法進行儲層流體識別的探索研究。研究表明,TLP區(qū)域中部、東部的臺緣相儲層為該區(qū)有效厚度最大的儲層,其振幅屬性特征為弱振幅或波谷,是生物礁最發(fā)育的區(qū)域。長興組儲層段為高速背景下的相對低速,有利儲層段的速度區(qū)間為5200~6150m/s,時窗在飛底向下約50ms的范圍內(nèi)。通過對過Z5井的剖面進行頻率屬性分析,在含氣層所對應(yīng)的頻率屬性剖面中能量衰減值較大。儲層段的測井響應(yīng)特征為相對低速、低伽馬、補償中子偏高、密度相對低值、電阻率高值。通過井震結(jié)合的流體識別方法在該區(qū)域內(nèi)的應(yīng)用效果較明顯。
[Abstract]:Reef is a kind of special carbonate rock structure, which is composed of a variety of rock-resistant reef organisms with strong vitality. In the process of growth, the succession of reef-making organisms and the evolution of paleogeographic environment act on the reefs and control the shape, structure, size and distribution of the reefs. Because of its strong hydrodynamic environment, it has good porosity and permeability and good reservoir space. Reef is a good storage place for oil and natural gas. It has the characteristics of high abundance and high production capacity, and has a unique advantage for oil and gas resources. The study of reefs is of great geological significance in the accurate division and correlation of strata, as well as in the restoration of paleogeographic environment and cyclic events. The reef of Changxing formation in TLP area of Sichuan Basin is studied in this paper. The reef gas reservoir is a carbonate lithologic trap gas reservoir. Although it has good porosity and permeability, its reservoir has strong heterogeneity, great vertical and horizontal differences, strong anisotropy and great burial depth. From the geophysical point of view, the seismic cophase axis is chaotic, discontinuous, the resolution of seismic data is low, the internal structure is complex, and the horizon tracing can not be done well, so the multi-solution is strong. In view of the difficulties in reservoir identification of reef, this paper uses seismic facies, sedimentary facies analysis technology, attribute analysis technology, paleogeomorphic analysis technology to test various reservoir prediction and processing methods, referring to geology, logging, seismic data, and using seismic facies, sedimentary facies analysis technology, attribute analysis technology, paleogeomorphic analysis technology, etc. The boundary of reef is divided and the distribution of favorable facies of reef is predicted, and the reservoir response model of Changxing formation in this area is established. Based on the experimental results of the prediction method, the distribution range and thickness of the upper Permian Changxing formation reservoir are predicted by using bright spot technique, trace integral technique and velocity inversion. Finally, the method of frequency attribute analysis is used to explore the reservoir fluid identification. The study shows that the platform facies reservoir in the middle and east of TLP region is the reservoir with the largest effective thickness, and its amplitude attribute is weak amplitude or trough, which is the most developed area of reef. The Changxing formation reservoir is relatively low velocity in the high speed background, the favorable reservoir velocity interval is 5200 ~ 6150 m / s, and the time window is within the range of 50ms from the bottom to the bottom. By analyzing the frequency attribute of the section passing through Z5 well, the energy attenuation value is larger in the frequency attribute profile corresponding to the gas bearing formation. The logging response of the reservoir section is characterized by relatively low velocity, low gamma, high compensation neutron, relatively low density and high resistivity. The application effect of fluid identification method combined with well-shock in this area is obvious.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P618.13

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