【摘要】：陜西省南鄭縣馬元鉛鋅礦產(chǎn)于揚(yáng)子北緣震旦系燈影組地層中,具有很大的找礦遠(yuǎn)景。近十幾年來(lái),眾多研究者對(duì)馬元地區(qū)鉛鋅礦床的成巖成礦物質(zhì)來(lái)源及成礦機(jī)理進(jìn)行了大量研究和總結(jié),取得了較大的進(jìn)展。多數(shù)地質(zhì)學(xué)者認(rèn)為,該地區(qū)的鉛鋅礦床和MVT型鉛鋅礦比較相似,可與之進(jìn)行類比。從區(qū)域上看,本區(qū)鉛鋅礦床受三方面因素的控制:1.基底構(gòu)造;2.蓋層構(gòu)造;3.角礫巖帶。在大多數(shù)礦床中礦體充填在張性斷裂和各種破碎帶中,礦床賦存于上震旦統(tǒng)燈影組角礫狀白云巖中,受層位、巖性和次級(jí)斷裂構(gòu)造等因素影響,礦床產(chǎn)狀與燈影組地層產(chǎn)狀大致相同。構(gòu)造角礫巖越發(fā)育,礦化程度就越強(qiáng)。許多研究學(xué)者都注意到了馬元礦區(qū)特殊的礦石構(gòu)造,即角礫狀礦石。并將角礫巖作為一種找礦標(biāo)志,但是對(duì)本區(qū)鉛鋅礦床中角礫巖及角礫狀礦石的具體特征及其成因并未進(jìn)行過(guò)詳細(xì)研究。本文在對(duì)馬元地區(qū)進(jìn)行地質(zhì)調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)巖相學(xué)觀察和電子探針?lè)治?在結(jié)合角礫巖的巖石學(xué)特征、力學(xué)特征及碑壩地區(qū)的構(gòu)造隆升,劃分了本區(qū)角礫巖的類型,闡述了角礫巖在空間上的分布特征、各種角礫巖的巖石學(xué)特征,以及與礦化的關(guān)系,進(jìn)一步探討了該區(qū)角礫巖的成因及成礦意義。得出了以下主要認(rèn)識(shí):根據(jù)角礫巖的結(jié)構(gòu)、構(gòu)造和巖石碎裂程度等不同特點(diǎn),以及表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的力學(xué)性質(zhì)差異,將馬元礦區(qū)角礫巖劃分為:①初裂巖;②構(gòu)造角礫巖;③碎裂巖三種類型。由于構(gòu)造隆升作用的影響,在震旦系上統(tǒng)燈影組層位發(fā)生層間滑脫或滑動(dòng),使燈影組上段中上部的厚層狀白云巖發(fā)生拉張破裂而使巖塊墜碎、擠碎或搓碎,發(fā)生位移后,又被膠結(jié)就形成了角礫巖。同時(shí)也形成了馬元鉛鋅礦的容礦構(gòu)造系統(tǒng),即角礫巖破碎帶和放射狀橫向小斷層。馬元鉛鋅礦的賦礦層位為上震旦統(tǒng)燈影組上段第三巖性層中,礦化程度與構(gòu)造角礫巖的發(fā)育成正相關(guān)關(guān)系。由于構(gòu)造隆升而在臺(tái)坪下方產(chǎn)生了大規(guī)模的熱水循環(huán)成礦系統(tǒng),它通過(guò)不斷地萃取并吸收基底雜巖中的Pb、Zn等有用組份及燈影組下部含藻白云巖中的有機(jī)質(zhì),形成了大量的富有機(jī)質(zhì)含Pb、Zn、Ba等成份的熱鹵水;同時(shí),由于地殼上升和基底隆升使得震旦系上統(tǒng)燈影組地層發(fā)生層間滑動(dòng)及滑脫形成破碎角礫巖帶,使含礦鹵水通過(guò)基底斷裂及裂隙通道運(yùn)移到層間破碎角礫巖帶中充填而成礦。
[Abstract]:Mayuan lead-zinc deposit in Nanzheng County, Shaanxi Province is in the formation of Dengying formation of Sinian system in the northern margin of Yangzi. In recent ten years, many researchers have made a great deal of research and summary on the source and mechanism of diagenetic minerals of lead and zinc deposits in Mayuan area, and made great progress. Most geologists think that the lead-zinc deposits in this area are similar to MVT type lead and zinc deposits and can be compared with them. Regionally, the lead-zinc deposit in this area is controlled by three factors: 1. 1. Basement structure 2. Caprock structure 3. Breccia belt In most of the deposits, the orebodies are filled in tensional faults and various broken zones, and the deposits occur in the breccia dolomite of the Dengying formation of the Upper Sinian, which is affected by such factors as the horizon, lithology and secondary fault structure, etc. The occurrence of the deposit is approximately the same as that of the Dengying formation. The more developed the tectonic breccia, the stronger the mineralization degree. Many researchers have noticed the special ore structure of Mayuan mine, that is, breccia ore. Breccia is regarded as a prospecting marker, but the specific characteristics and genesis of breccia and breccia in lead-zinc deposit in this area have not been studied in detail. On the basis of geological survey in Mayuan area, by means of petrographic observation and electron probe analysis, combined with the petrological and mechanical characteristics of breccia and the uplift of structure in the area of Stele Dam, the types of breccia in this area are classified in this paper. The distribution characteristics of breccia in space, petrological characteristics of various breccia and its relation with mineralization are expounded. The genesis and metallogenic significance of breccia in this area are further discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: according to the different characteristics of breccia, such as structure, structure and degree of rock fragmentation, as well as the difference of mechanical properties, the breccia in Mayuan mining area is divided into two structural breccia, the primary fissure rock and the structural breccia. 3 three types of cataclastic rocks. Due to the influence of tectonic uplift, interlayer slippage or slip occurred in the upper Dengying formation of the Sinian, which caused the thick layered dolomite in the upper part of the Dengying formation to be stretched and ruptured, resulting in the falling, crushing or crashing of the rock block, and the displacement occurred. Breccia is formed by cementation. At the same time, the ore-bearing structure system of Mayuan lead-zinc deposit was formed, that is breccia fracture zone and radial transverse small fault. The ore-bearing horizon of Mayuan lead-zinc deposit is the third lithologic layer of the upper member of Dengying formation of Upper Sinian, and the mineralization degree is positively correlated with the development of tectonic breccia. Because of the tectonic uplift, a large scale hydrothermal circulation metallogenic system is produced under the platform, which continuously extracts and absorbs the useful components such as Pb,Zn from the basement complex and organic matter from the algae-bearing dolomite in the lower part of the Dengying formation. A large number of hot brines with rich organic matter, such as Pb,Zn,Ba and so on, were formed, and at the same time, because of the rise of the crust and the uplift of the basement, the strata of the Upper Sinian Dengying formation occurred interlaminar sliding and slippage to form a broken breccia zone. The ore-bearing brine is transported to the interlayer broken breccia belt through the basement fault and fissure channel to form ore.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P618.4;P588.212.5

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