【摘要】：鄒城市位于山東省西南部,是濟(jì)寧市下轄的一個(gè)縣級(jí)市。近年來(lái),鄒城市大量開(kāi)采巖溶地下水用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)及居民生活用水,區(qū)內(nèi)的巖溶水開(kāi)采量呈現(xiàn)逐年遞增的趨勢(shì);主要開(kāi)采單位都集中在侯莊—雙村一帶,已經(jīng)形成較大范圍的巖溶水水位降落漏斗。長(zhǎng)此以往,極有可能造成一系列的環(huán)境地質(zhì)問(wèn)題。因此,亟需尋找新的巖溶地下水富集地段,作為城市供水的應(yīng)急備用水源地,以保障居民生活用水和工業(yè)用水的需求。待備用水源地建成后,如何合理的開(kāi)發(fā)利用和保護(hù)擬建應(yīng)急備用水源地的地下水資源,如何劃分?jǐn)M建水源地的地下水保護(hù)區(qū),以及通過(guò)何種措施來(lái)保障地下水的水量和水質(zhì),將成為一個(gè)迫在眉睫的問(wèn)題。本文采用地下水?dāng)?shù)值模擬軟件GMS,在對(duì)研究區(qū)的水文地質(zhì)條件進(jìn)行了充分的分析的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了研究區(qū)地下水流數(shù)值模型,模型的模擬期為1991-2007年。對(duì)識(shí)別驗(yàn)證后的地下水均衡進(jìn)行分析,研究區(qū)多年平均地下水補(bǔ)給資源量為1.55×108m3/a,補(bǔ)給模數(shù)為31.89×104m3/km2·a。其中,大氣降水入滲補(bǔ)給量為0.91×108m3/a,是最主要的補(bǔ)給來(lái)源,其次是側(cè)向流入補(bǔ)給,為0.35×108m3/a;主要排泄是潛水蒸發(fā)和水源地的集中開(kāi)采,分別為0.55×108m3/a和0.57×108m3/a。模擬期內(nèi)地下水整體處于負(fù)均衡狀態(tài),累積消耗儲(chǔ)存量4128.8×104m3,其中巖溶含水層消耗儲(chǔ)存量798.08×104m3。預(yù)測(cè)了三種擬建水源地規(guī)劃開(kāi)采方案下,水源地地下水位變化和儲(chǔ)存量的變化。以方案三為例,巖溶地下水位在前五年的時(shí)間里持續(xù)下降,下降速率為2.97m/a,消耗的儲(chǔ)存量占開(kāi)采量的32.03%。五年后地下水位基本穩(wěn)定,最終穩(wěn)定在12.72m,達(dá)到動(dòng)態(tài)平衡。開(kāi)采量主要來(lái)源于潛水蒸發(fā)襲奪量(72.91%)、側(cè)向流入激發(fā)量(10.58%)和儲(chǔ)存消耗量(8.51%)。各開(kāi)采方案均滿足開(kāi)采約束條件的要求,最終確定了擬建水源地的開(kāi)采方案(方案三)和最大允許開(kāi)采量(4.8×104m3/d)。分別采用公式法和數(shù)值法對(duì)擬建水源地進(jìn)行了保護(hù)區(qū)劃分,對(duì)兩種方法的保護(hù)區(qū)劃分結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析,得出數(shù)值法的劃分結(jié)果較為準(zhǔn)確、科學(xué)的結(jié)論,故本次研究采取數(shù)值法的保護(hù)區(qū)劃分結(jié)果。最終確定的一級(jí)保護(hù)區(qū)面積1.27×104m2,二級(jí)保護(hù)區(qū)面積0.42km2,準(zhǔn)保護(hù)區(qū)面積3.47km2。結(jié)合國(guó)家有關(guān)保護(hù)區(qū)劃分的規(guī)范標(biāo)準(zhǔn),給出了各級(jí)保護(hù)區(qū)的管理保護(hù)建議。
[Abstract]:Zoucheng, located in the southwest of Shandong Province, is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Jining City. In recent years, a large amount of karst groundwater has been exploited in Zoucheng City for industrial production and household water use. The karst water exploitation in this area has been increasing year by year, and the main mining units are concentrated in the area of Houzhuang and Shuangcun. A large area of karst water level has been formed. In the long run, it is very likely to cause a series of environmental geological problems. Therefore, it is urgent to find a new area of karst groundwater enrichment as the emergency reserve water source for urban water supply, so as to meet the needs of domestic and industrial water use. After the reserve water source is completed, how to reasonably develop and use and protect the groundwater resources of the proposed emergency reserve water source, how to divide the groundwater protection area of the proposed water source, and what measures can be taken to ensure the quantity and quality of groundwater, Will become an urgent problem. Based on the sufficient analysis of hydrogeological conditions in the study area, a numerical model of groundwater flow in the study area is established by using the groundwater numerical simulation software GMS,. The simulation period of the model is 1991-2007. The results show that the annual average groundwater recharge resource is 1.55 脳 108 m3 / a and the recharge modulus is 31.89 脳 104m3/km2 a. The precipitation infiltration recharge is 0.91 脳 108m3 / a, which is the main supply source, followed by lateral inflow recharge (0.35 脳 108m3a), the main excretion is phreatic evaporation and concentrated exploitation of water source, which are 0.55 脳 108m3/a and 0.57 脳 108m3 / a, respectively. During the simulation period, the groundwater is in a negative equilibrium state, and the accumulative consumption and storage capacity is 4128.8 脳 10 ~ 4 m ~ 3, of which the karst aquifer consumption storage capacity is 798.08 脳 10 ~ 4 m ~ 3. The changes of groundwater level and storage capacity of water sources are predicted under three planned exploitation schemes. Taking the third scheme as an example, the karst groundwater level has been decreasing continuously in the first five years, and the decreasing rate is 2.97 m / a, and the storage consumption accounts for 32.03% of the mining capacity. Five years later, the groundwater level was basically stable and finally stabilized at 12.72 m, reaching a dynamic balance. The extraction amount was mainly derived from evaporation attack (72.91%), lateral inflow excitation (10.58%) and storage consumption (8.51%). Each mining plan meets the requirements of mining constraints, and the mining scheme (scheme 3) and maximum allowable mining capacity (4. 8 脳 104m3/d) of the proposed water source are determined. The protection areas of the proposed water sources are divided by formula method and numerical method respectively, and the results of the two methods are compared and analyzed. The results of the numerical method are more accurate and scientific. Therefore, this research adopts the numerical method to divide the protected areas. The area of the first class reserve is 1.27 脳 10 ~ 4m ~ 2, the area of the second class reserve is 0.42km ~ 2, and the area of the quasi-protected area is 3.47km ~ 2. Combined with the national standard on the division of protected areas, the management and protection suggestions of protected areas at all levels are given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P641.8

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