臺(tái)灣島的年齡
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-19 20:20
【摘要】：臺(tái)灣島為華夏陸塊東緣自中生代晚期以來(lái)的年輕活動(dòng)造山帶,在東海-南海陸架地質(zhì)背景上,臺(tái)灣島具有多重特殊性:除缺失始新世晚期層序外,始新世-更新世間有連續(xù)陸相至淺海相層序出露;記錄"中國(guó)海"的發(fā)展及東海-南海陸架滄海桑田變遷;快速的隆升速率及重要的海洋沉積物貢獻(xiàn)源;活躍的地震活動(dòng);既有被動(dòng)又有活動(dòng)大陸邊緣層序;從臺(tái)灣-呂宋間海域到島上同時(shí)進(jìn)行俯沖-碰撞-仰沖-張裂構(gòu)造活動(dòng),因此有完整的威爾遜構(gòu)造旋回地質(zhì)紀(jì)錄."臺(tái)灣島什么時(shí)候出露?"及"臺(tái)灣島怎么形成?"是大家關(guān)心臺(tái)灣島地質(zhì)的基本問題.如果把東海陸架一半水深(60m)的海水拿掉,150km寬的臺(tái)灣海峽就是臺(tái)灣島跟大陸相連的臍帶;如果把臺(tái)灣島恢復(fù)到未造山前的原始形貌,臺(tái)灣島就是東海連結(jié)到南海間的臍帶.但是為什么在東海及南海的陸架上只有臺(tái)灣島有比較大范圍的出露?顯然是有一個(gè)特定的地質(zhì)作用在這個(gè)特殊的臍帶位置發(fā)生,那就是早中新世19~18Ma開始的南海俯沖及隨后6.5Ma開始的北呂宋火山島弧與俯沖的歐亞大陸發(fā)生了斜向碰撞.臺(tái)灣島在晚中新世(~6.5Ma)時(shí)開始出露,最早出露部位就在中央山脈.中央山脈為中生代白堊紀(jì)的活動(dòng)大陸邊緣,隨后拼合為歐亞大陸一部分,經(jīng)新生代古近紀(jì)斷陷構(gòu)造(50~39Ma)、漸新世-中期中新世南海張裂(33~16Ma)、早中新世(19~18Ma)至今歐亞大陸-南海巖石圈沿馬尼拉海溝向東俯沖于西進(jìn)的花東海盆-菲律賓海板塊之下,形成中新世增生楔,及6.5Ma至今由北向南遷移的斜向弧陸碰撞,導(dǎo)致中央山脈隆升出露海平面之上,形成原始臺(tái)灣島.由此原始臺(tái)灣島,臺(tái)灣河流系統(tǒng)開始發(fā)生,并將侵蝕物經(jīng)河流向西供輸?shù)皆寂_(tái)灣海峽前陸盆地,同時(shí)也向東供應(yīng)到北呂宋海槽弧前盆地.隨著弧陸碰撞的持續(xù)進(jìn)行,南海東北部陸架上層序被推覆并出露在中央山脈西側(cè),臺(tái)灣島出露的面積也隨之變大;1Ma的呂宋火山島弧北段更向西仰沖,形成海岸山脈,拼貼在中央山脈東側(cè);最后又因1Ma沖繩海槽弧后張裂,中央山脈東北部又發(fā)生斷陷,產(chǎn)生宜蘭平原,形成今日臺(tái)灣島的形貌.
[Abstract]:Taiwan Island is a young active orogenic belt in the eastern part of the Cathaysian block since the late Mesozoic. In the geological background of the East China Sea and the South China Sea shelf, Taiwan Island has many particularities: except for the missing sequence of the late Eocene. The Eocene-Pleistocene world has successive continental facies to shallow sea facies sequence outcrop; records the development of "China Sea" and the vicissitudes of the East China Sea-South China Sea shelf; rapid uplift rate and important marine sediment contribution source; active seismicity; There are both passive and active continental margin sequences, and subduction, collision, upwelling and extensional tectonic activity from the Taiwan-Luzon sea area to the island at the same time, so there is a complete geological record of the Wilson tectonic cycle. " When will the island of Taiwan be exposed? " And "how did Taiwan Island come into being?" It is a basic concern for the geology of Taiwan Island. If the Taiwan Strait, which is 150 km wide, is removed from the half-depth (60 m) of the East China Sea shelf, it is the umbilical cord connecting the island to the mainland, and if the island is restored to its original appearance before the orogeny, it is the umbilical cord between the East China Sea and the South China Sea. But why is there a relatively large area of exposure on the shelf of the East China Sea and the South China Sea only on the Taiwan Island? It is obvious that a particular geological process occurred in this particular umbilical cord, that is, the South China Sea subduction from the early Miocene 19~18Ma and the collision between the North Luzon volcanic Island arc and the subducted Eurasian continent, which followed by 6.5Ma. The island began to emerge during the late Miocene (6.5 Ma), the earliest part of which was in the Central Mountains. The Central Mountains are the active continental margin of the Mesozoic Cretaceous period, and subsequently joined together as part of the Eurasian continent. Through the Cenozoic Paleogene faulted tectonics (50~39Ma), the Oligocene Miocene South China Sea (33~16Ma), and the early Miocene (19~18Ma) Eurasian and South China Sea lithosphere subducted eastward along the Manila trench beneath the westward Huadonghai-Philippine Sea Plate. The formation of the Miocene accretive wedge and the oblique arc land collision in which 6.5Ma migrated from north to south resulted in the uplift of the Central Mountains above the sea level and the formation of the primitive Taiwan Island. Therefore, the Taiwan river system began to occur in the primitive Taiwan Island, and the erosion was transported westward through the river to the primitive Taiwan Strait Foreland basin, and also to the north Luzon trough arc basin to the east. With the continuation of the arc-land collision, the upper shelf sequence of the northeastern South China Sea was pushed over and exposed to the western side of the central mountain range, and the area of the outcrop of Taiwan Island became larger and the northern segment of the Luzon volcanic Island more westward, forming a coastal mountain range. The collage is on the eastern side of the central mountain range, and finally, because of the 1Ma Okinawa trough arc behind the rift, the northeast of the central mountain has a fault depression, producing the Ilan Plain, forming the appearance of the island of Taiwan today.
【作者單位】： 同濟(jì)大學(xué)海洋與地球科學(xué)學(xué)院;中國(guó)科學(xué)院廣州地球化學(xué)研究所邊緣海重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;成功大學(xué)地球科學(xué)系;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):U1505231,41472093,91528301,91128211) 廣州海洋地質(zhì)調(diào)查局項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):20161972)資助
【分類號(hào)】：P736
本文編號(hào)：2251227
[Abstract]:Taiwan Island is a young active orogenic belt in the eastern part of the Cathaysian block since the late Mesozoic. In the geological background of the East China Sea and the South China Sea shelf, Taiwan Island has many particularities: except for the missing sequence of the late Eocene. The Eocene-Pleistocene world has successive continental facies to shallow sea facies sequence outcrop; records the development of "China Sea" and the vicissitudes of the East China Sea-South China Sea shelf; rapid uplift rate and important marine sediment contribution source; active seismicity; There are both passive and active continental margin sequences, and subduction, collision, upwelling and extensional tectonic activity from the Taiwan-Luzon sea area to the island at the same time, so there is a complete geological record of the Wilson tectonic cycle. " When will the island of Taiwan be exposed? " And "how did Taiwan Island come into being?" It is a basic concern for the geology of Taiwan Island. If the Taiwan Strait, which is 150 km wide, is removed from the half-depth (60 m) of the East China Sea shelf, it is the umbilical cord connecting the island to the mainland, and if the island is restored to its original appearance before the orogeny, it is the umbilical cord between the East China Sea and the South China Sea. But why is there a relatively large area of exposure on the shelf of the East China Sea and the South China Sea only on the Taiwan Island? It is obvious that a particular geological process occurred in this particular umbilical cord, that is, the South China Sea subduction from the early Miocene 19~18Ma and the collision between the North Luzon volcanic Island arc and the subducted Eurasian continent, which followed by 6.5Ma. The island began to emerge during the late Miocene (6.5 Ma), the earliest part of which was in the Central Mountains. The Central Mountains are the active continental margin of the Mesozoic Cretaceous period, and subsequently joined together as part of the Eurasian continent. Through the Cenozoic Paleogene faulted tectonics (50~39Ma), the Oligocene Miocene South China Sea (33~16Ma), and the early Miocene (19~18Ma) Eurasian and South China Sea lithosphere subducted eastward along the Manila trench beneath the westward Huadonghai-Philippine Sea Plate. The formation of the Miocene accretive wedge and the oblique arc land collision in which 6.5Ma migrated from north to south resulted in the uplift of the Central Mountains above the sea level and the formation of the primitive Taiwan Island. Therefore, the Taiwan river system began to occur in the primitive Taiwan Island, and the erosion was transported westward through the river to the primitive Taiwan Strait Foreland basin, and also to the north Luzon trough arc basin to the east. With the continuation of the arc-land collision, the upper shelf sequence of the northeastern South China Sea was pushed over and exposed to the western side of the central mountain range, and the area of the outcrop of Taiwan Island became larger and the northern segment of the Luzon volcanic Island more westward, forming a coastal mountain range. The collage is on the eastern side of the central mountain range, and finally, because of the 1Ma Okinawa trough arc behind the rift, the northeast of the central mountain has a fault depression, producing the Ilan Plain, forming the appearance of the island of Taiwan today.
【作者單位】： 同濟(jì)大學(xué)海洋與地球科學(xué)學(xué)院;中國(guó)科學(xué)院廣州地球化學(xué)研究所邊緣海重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;成功大學(xué)地球科學(xué)系;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):U1505231,41472093,91528301,91128211) 廣州海洋地質(zhì)調(diào)查局項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):20161972)資助
【分類號(hào)】：P736
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1 T.R.Charlton;大道;;印尼東部弧陸碰撞帶內(nèi)碰撞后拉張[J];海洋地質(zhì)譯叢;1991年06期
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