【摘要】：我國是一個崩塌災害較多的國家,崩塌災害給人民的生命財產(chǎn)安全帶來了巨大的損失和威脅,尤其是西南地區(qū),西南地區(qū)山高谷深,地質(zhì)構(gòu)造發(fā)育,區(qū)域性大斷層較多,地震災害頻發(fā),以至于該地區(qū)崩塌災害數(shù)量較多,并且方量巨大。2014年8月3日云南省魯?shù)榭h發(fā)生了6.5級地震,地震造成魯?shù)榭h火德紅鎮(zhèn)李家山村紅石巖組牛欄江干流北岸發(fā)生特大崩塌,將牛欄江截斷形成堰塞湖。經(jīng)專家仔細調(diào)研,決定變廢為寶,以堰塞壩為壩體修建紅石巖水電樞紐工程。在地震和常年風化剝蝕的作用下,庫區(qū)兩岸邊坡高陡,崩塌災害嚴重,震后一年多時間內(nèi)有數(shù)次崩塌發(fā)生,方量最大的達到7萬多方,成為水利工程建設和運營的最大安全隱患。本文以庫區(qū)岸坡崩塌為研究對象,系統(tǒng)分析了古崩塌、8·3地震崩塌、震后崩塌以及岸坡潛在崩塌,詳細分析了庫區(qū)崩塌發(fā)育特征、失穩(wěn)模式,評價潛在崩塌體的穩(wěn)定性,研究了樞紐區(qū)落石運動特征。論文取得成果如下:(1)研究了崩塌的發(fā)育分布規(guī)律。以時間、空間和運動特征為出發(fā)點研究了區(qū)內(nèi)古崩塌、地震崩塌、震后溢洪洞進口崩塌和珍珠巖潛在崩塌的發(fā)育分布規(guī)律,發(fā)現(xiàn)崩塌按照時間順序規(guī)模依次減小、右岸多于左岸等特點。(2)結(jié)合庫區(qū)發(fā)生的崩塌,詳細分析了崩塌破壞的失穩(wěn)模式,根據(jù)崩塌的形成過程和失穩(wěn)時的瞬間形態(tài),將崩塌劃分為以下類型:傾倒式、滑移式、錯斷式、拉裂式、鼓脹式。(3)運用非連續(xù)變形分析(DDA)法模擬8·3地震崩塌(B1),分析地震作用下崩塌失穩(wěn)模式和特征,發(fā)現(xiàn)地震作用下崩塌與常規(guī)重力環(huán)境下的崩塌失穩(wěn)模式不同,具有獨特的震裂和拋射現(xiàn)象,并且崩塌塊體運動距離遠,攜帶能量巨大。(4)分析了影響崩塌穩(wěn)定性的因素。綜合分析庫區(qū)地質(zhì)條件,發(fā)現(xiàn)地形地貌、地震(爆破振動)、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、水的作用、地層巖性及其組合,是主要影響因素,地震是研究區(qū)崩塌發(fā)生的最關鍵因素。(5)采用極限平衡法和離散元(UDEC)法分析了珍珠巖邊坡潛在崩塌體ZZWY1的穩(wěn)定性,考慮了天然工況和暴雨工況兩種工況,發(fā)現(xiàn)潛在崩塌體天然態(tài)處于基本穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),而暴雨狀態(tài)安全系數(shù)小于1.1,穩(wěn)定性差,考慮到安全儲備,該潛在崩塌體應進行有效處理。(6)運用Rockfall軟件分析庫區(qū)岸坡崩塌落石運動規(guī)律,研究了右岸交通洞口上方和左岸古崩塌陡壁崩塌落石的運動軌跡,并且利用數(shù)值分析的結(jié)果給出相應的被動防護措施。采用路基規(guī)范法、隧道手冊法、日本道路公團等方法計算了滾石對棚洞、擋土墻的沖擊力。以上成果對紅石巖水利樞紐工程具有實際意義。通過研究岸坡發(fā)育分布規(guī)律,得出了潛在崩塌的發(fā)育分布特點,結(jié)合野外調(diào)查劃定了重點防治范圍;對區(qū)域內(nèi)穩(wěn)定性較差、危害性較高的潛在崩塌體(ZZWY1)的穩(wěn)定性進行了詳細評價,認為ZZWY1穩(wěn)定性差,應該進行加固或清除;研究了壩址區(qū)左右兩岸滾石運動特征,給出了攔石墻的設置位置及修筑高度和棚洞的設置長度,并計算出了攔石墻和棚洞沖擊力的建議值。
[Abstract]:China is a country with more collapse disasters. The collapse disasters have brought enormous losses and threats to people's lives and property security. Especially in southwest China, the mountains and valleys in southwest China are deep, the geological structure is developed, there are more regional large faults and frequent earthquake disasters, so that the number of collapse disasters in this area is large and the amount of collapse disasters is huge. An earthquake of magnitude 6.5 occurred in Ludian County, Yunnan Province, on March 3. The earthquake caused a great collapse on the North Bank of the Niulanjiang main stream of the Hongshiyan Formation in Lijiashan Village, Huodehong Town, Ludian County. The Niulanjiang River was cut off to form a barrier lake. Under the action of denudation, the slopes on both sides of the reservoir area are high and steep, and the collapse disasters are serious. Several collapses occur in more than one year after the earthquake, with the largest volume reaching more than 70,000. This paper takes the bank slope collapse in the reservoir area as the research object, systematically analyzes the ancient collapse, 8.3 earthquake collapse, post-earthquake collapse and so on. Potential collapse of bank slope is analyzed in detail. The development characteristics, instability model, stability evaluation of potential collapse are analyzed, and the characteristics of rock fall movement in key area are studied. According to the development and distribution of the entrance collapse and the potential collapse of perlite, it is found that the collapse decreases in time sequence and the right bank is more than the left bank. Type I: toppling, slipping, staggered, tensile and bulging. (3) The discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method is used to simulate the 8.3 earthquake collapse (B1) and analyze the collapse and instability mode and characteristics under earthquake. It is found that the collapse under earthquake is different from the collapse and instability mode under normal gravity environment, and has a unique phenomenon of seismic cracking and throwing. (4) The factors affecting the stability of collapse are analyzed. The geological conditions of the reservoir area are analyzed comprehensively. It is found that topography, earthquake (blasting vibration), geological structure, water action, stratum lithology and their combination are the main influencing factors. Earthquake is the most critical factor for the occurrence of collapse in the study area. (5) The limit equilibrium method is adopted. The stability of ZZWY 1, a potential collapse of perlite slope, is analyzed by using the discrete element method (UDEC). The natural state of the potential collapse is basically stable under both natural and rainstorm conditions, while the safety factor of the rainstorm state is less than 1.1 and the stability is poor. Considering the safety reserve, the potential collapse should be treated effectively. Rockfall software is used to analyze the movement law of bank slope collapse and rock fall in the reservoir area, and the movement track of the ancient collapse and rock fall above the right bank traffic tunnel entrance and on the left bank is studied, and the corresponding passive protection measures are given according to the results of numerical analysis. The above results are of practical significance to the Hongshiyan Hydro-junction Project. By studying the development and distribution of bank slope, the characteristics of potential collapse are obtained, and the key prevention and control areas are delineated based on field investigation. The stability of potential collapse (ZZWY1) with poor stability and high hazard in the region is improved. It is considered that the stability of ZZWY1 is poor and should be strengthened or cleared. The movement characteristics of rolling stones on both sides of the dam site are studied, the setting position of the retaining wall, the height of the building and the setting length of the shed tunnel are given, and the recommended values of the impact force of the retaining wall and the shed tunnel are calculated.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P642.2

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