【摘要】：自進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來,我國發(fā)生多次大規(guī)模地震災(zāi)害,造成了巨大的人員傷亡和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。震后初期,為了搶救災(zāi)民生命和維持正常生活,盡可能降低地震造成的損失,救災(zāi)物資必須在最短時(shí)間內(nèi)送達(dá)災(zāi)區(qū)。救災(zāi)物資調(diào)度是一種特殊的物流活動,是震后快速響應(yīng)期的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),核心內(nèi)容為分配救災(zāi)物資和優(yōu)化運(yùn)輸路徑。制定合理、科學(xué)的救災(zāi)物資調(diào)度方案,有利于快速及時(shí)供應(yīng)救災(zāi)物資,提高救援工作效率,最大化滿足災(zāi)區(qū)的救災(zāi)物資需求。本論文主要內(nèi)容為:(1)在論述救災(zāi)物資的概念、需求特征以及救災(zāi)物流的基礎(chǔ)上,總結(jié)震后初期救災(zāi)物資調(diào)度的原則、特性及構(gòu)成要素,根據(jù)震后初期先近距離的救災(zāi)物資儲備庫配送救災(zāi)物資,若未滿足受災(zāi)點(diǎn)的救災(zāi)物資需求時(shí),再遠(yuǎn)距離調(diào)運(yùn)救災(zāi)物資的原則,將震后初期救災(zāi)物資的調(diào)度階段劃分為配送階段和調(diào)運(yùn)階段,分析救災(zāi)物資兩階段調(diào)度的供應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò),梳理震后初期救災(zāi)物資兩階段調(diào)度優(yōu)化的相關(guān)理論和基本方法。(2)首先針對地震及救災(zāi)物資調(diào)度的特點(diǎn),提出了 B型關(guān)聯(lián)度改進(jìn)TOPSIS法的B型關(guān)聯(lián)度-TOPSIS法;然后分析受災(zāi)點(diǎn)需求緊迫性的影響因素,根據(jù)影響因素構(gòu)建了受災(zāi)點(diǎn)需求緊迫系數(shù)的評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,并利用熵值法、AHP與線性加權(quán)法得到指標(biāo)的主客觀組合權(quán)重;之后介紹B型關(guān)聯(lián)度-TOPSIS法的模型方法,并選用雅安地震相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行算例分析;最后將B型關(guān)聯(lián)度-TOPSIS法、TOPSIS法、灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析法的評價(jià)結(jié)果與期望值進(jìn)行對比,得到B型關(guān)聯(lián)度-TOPSIS法的評價(jià)結(jié)果與期望值的偏差較小,從而驗(yàn)證了該評價(jià)方法的科學(xué)性和合理性。(3)分析救災(zāi)物資調(diào)度優(yōu)化建模影響因素,根據(jù)震后初期救災(zāi)物資調(diào)度的配送階段和調(diào)運(yùn)階段劃分,分別構(gòu)建從供應(yīng)點(diǎn)到受災(zāi)點(diǎn)的雙目標(biāo)兩級配送模型和從供應(yīng)點(diǎn)到受災(zāi)點(diǎn)的多目標(biāo)三級調(diào)運(yùn)模型,并分別闡述配送模型和調(diào)運(yùn)模型的求解方法。(4)以雅安地震的9個(gè)主要受災(zāi)點(diǎn)為例,選用Lingo軟件求解,依次得到救災(zāi)物資的配送方案和調(diào)運(yùn)方案,即震后初期救災(zāi)物資兩階段調(diào)度優(yōu)化方案,并分別對配送階段和調(diào)運(yùn)階段的雙目標(biāo)處理和去模糊化處理的權(quán)重進(jìn)行靈敏度分析。
[Abstract]:Since entering the 21st century, there have been many large-scale earthquake disasters in China, resulting in huge casualties and economic losses. In the early stage of the earthquake, in order to save the victims' lives and maintain a normal life, and to minimize the damage caused by the earthquake, the relief materials must reach the disaster area in the shortest time. The dispatch of relief materials is a special logistics activity, which is the key link of the rapid response period after the earthquake. The core content is the distribution of relief materials and the optimization of transportation routes. It is beneficial to supply relief materials quickly and timely, to improve the efficiency of rescue work, and to meet the needs of disaster relief materials as well as to make a reasonable and scientific plan for the dispatch of disaster relief materials. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) on the basis of discussing the concept, demand characteristics and relief logistics of disaster relief materials, this paper summarizes the principles, characteristics and constituent elements of the dispatch of disaster relief materials in the early post-earthquake period. According to the principle of distributing disaster relief materials at the early stage of the earthquake by the near distance storage of disaster relief materials, and if the needs of disaster relief materials are not met at the disaster point, the principle of transferring disaster relief supplies over long distances is adopted. The dispatch stage of the disaster relief materials in the initial period after the earthquake is divided into the distribution stage and the dispatching stage, and the supply network of the two-stage dispatching of the relief materials is analyzed. This paper combs the relevant theories and basic methods of two-stage dispatch optimization of disaster relief materials in the early post-earthquake period. (2) according to the characteristics of earthquake and disaster relief materials scheduling, the B-type correlation degree TOPSIS method is proposed to improve the B-type correlation degree TOPSIS method. Based on the analysis of the influencing factors of the urgency of the disaster point demand, the evaluation index system of the urgent demand coefficient of the disaster point is constructed, and the subjective and objective combined weights of the index are obtained by using the entropy method and the linear weighting method. Then it introduces the model method of B type associated degree TOPSIS method, and selects Ya'an seismic data to carry on the example analysis, finally compares the evaluation results of TOPSIS method and grey correlation analysis method with the expected value, and the TOPSIS method of B type correlation degree and grey correlation analysis method, and compares the results of TOPSIS method and grey correlation analysis method with the expected value. The deviation between the evaluation result and the expected value of TOPSIS method is small, which verifies the scientific and reasonable of the evaluation method. (3) analyze the influencing factors of disaster relief material scheduling optimization modeling. According to the division of the distribution stage and the dispatch stage of the disaster relief materials in the initial period after the earthquake, the two-objective two-level distribution model from the supply point to the disaster point and the multi-objective three-level model from the supply point to the disaster point are constructed respectively. The methods of solving the distribution model and the dispatching model are expounded respectively. (4) taking nine main disaster spots of the Ya'an earthquake as an example, choosing Lingo software to solve the problem, the distribution scheme and the dispatching scheme of the disaster relief materials are obtained in turn. That is to say, the optimization scheme of two-stage dispatch of disaster relief materials in the initial period after earthquake, and the sensitivity analysis of the weight of the two-objective processing and de-fuzzification in the distribution and dispatch stages respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P315.9;U116
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本文編號：2233570