【摘要】：吐卓蟲{Tuzoia)是一類大型雙瓣殼節(jié)肢動(dòng)物,廣泛分布于全球的寒武系地層中。本文著重研究了我國(guó)云南東部早寒武世(寒武系第二統(tǒng)第四階)關(guān)山生物群中的網(wǎng)紋吐卓蟲和瘤狀吐卓蟲,描述了一吐卓新種,即多刺吐卓蟲(Tuzoia multispinosa sp. nov.)�；谳^多的標(biāo)本對(duì)瘤狀吐卓蟲{Tuzoia tylodesa Luo et Hu,2006)的細(xì)節(jié)特征進(jìn)行了完善并重新修訂了其種征,并對(duì)其個(gè)體發(fā)育做了初步的探討研究。 長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),學(xué)者們認(rèn)為關(guān)山生物群中只有中華吐卓蟲(Tuzoia sinensis Pan,1957)一種,后來(lái)雖然有過(guò)新種的報(bào)道,但由于其標(biāo)本保存差且數(shù)量稀少而被認(rèn)為是中華吐卓蟲的晚出同物異名。筆者通過(guò)對(duì)采集到的大量吐卓蟲標(biāo)本進(jìn)行細(xì)致的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)并描述了一種新的殼面具網(wǎng)紋構(gòu)造的吐卓蟲。該吐卓蟲無(wú)論在殼體形態(tài)、邊緣刺的數(shù)量和排列方式上與同層位產(chǎn)出的中華吐卓蟲和瘤狀吐卓蟲有著明顯的差異,與世界其他地區(qū)寒武系地層中所產(chǎn)出的吐卓蟲也有顯著的不同。 瘤狀吐卓蟲自從2006年被發(fā)現(xiàn)和報(bào)道以來(lái),由于標(biāo)本的相對(duì)稀少,后來(lái)學(xué)者對(duì)其鮮有進(jìn)一步的研究描述。筆者在長(zhǎng)期的野外工作中采集到了相對(duì)較多的該種標(biāo)本(100余塊),其中多數(shù)標(biāo)本保存完好,筆者根據(jù)一塊保存精美的標(biāo)本對(duì)該種吐卓蟲的形態(tài)特征進(jìn)行了修訂和完善,并建議將吐卓蟲的屬征進(jìn)行修改,以包含具有不同殼面構(gòu)造的(網(wǎng)紋與瘤狀)吐卓蟲的形態(tài)特征。 瘤狀吐卓蟲保存有軟體構(gòu)造,包括視覺(jué)器官、伸出殼外的體節(jié)和可能的外肢構(gòu)造等,這是吐卓蟲被報(bào)道(Walcott,1912)至今一百多年來(lái)首次有軟體附肢的發(fā)現(xiàn)(除視覺(jué)器官),也是瘤狀吐卓蟲第一塊有軟體構(gòu)造保存的標(biāo)本。 本文基于殼體的形態(tài)大小、邊緣刺的差異和殼面紋飾的不同,對(duì)瘤狀吐卓蟲的個(gè)體發(fā)育進(jìn)行了初步的研究,將其發(fā)育過(guò)程分為幼年期(殼體長(zhǎng)度小于2厘米)、青年期(殼體長(zhǎng)度位于2厘米與5厘米之間)和成年期(殼體長(zhǎng)度大于5厘米)三個(gè)階段。 龍泉蟲(Longquania)屬于光甲蟲類(Aglaspidids)節(jié)肢動(dòng)物,在關(guān)山生物群蟲非常少見,本文根據(jù)采集到的保存完好的數(shù)塊標(biāo)本對(duì)龍泉蟲的形態(tài)特征進(jìn)行了較完善的描述。
[Abstract]:Tuzoia is a class of large bivalve arthropods widely distributed in the Cambrian strata around the world. In this paper, the early Cambrian (fourth order of the Cambrian) Guanshan biota in eastern Yunnan are studied emphatically. The new species, (Tuzoia multispinosa sp. nov.)., are described in this paper. Based on more samples, the detailed characteristics of Tuzoia tylodesa Luo et Hu,2006 were improved and its characteristics were revised, and its ontogeny was studied. For a long time, scholars think that there is only one species of (Tuzoia sinensis Pan,1957 in the Guanshan biota. Although a new species has been reported later, it is considered to be the late synonym of T. chinensis due to its poor preservation and rare number of specimens. Based on the detailed study of a large number of samples of Eucalyptus, a new type of Tucalyx was found and described in this paper. There were significant differences in shell shape, number and arrangement of edge spines between the sprue spp and the sprue spp in the same layer, respectively, in the shell shape, the number of spines and the arrangement of the spiny spines in the same layer. There is also a significant difference from the other Cambrian strata in the world. Since its discovery and report in 2006, due to the relative scarcity of specimens, there have been few further studies on it. The author has collected more specimens (more than 100 pieces) in the long field work, most of which are well preserved. According to a beautifully preserved specimen, the author has revised and perfected the morphological characteristics of this species. It is also suggested that the generic sign of Eucalyptus should be modified to include the morphological characteristics of the sprue with different shell structures (reticulate and tuberous). The neoplasm has soft structures, including visual organs, segments extending out of the shell, and possible structures of the outer limb. This is the first discovery of soft appendages (except for visual organs) reported by Walcott,1912 in more than a century. It is also the first specimen with soft structure to be preserved. Based on the shape and size of the shell, the difference of the edge prickles and the difference of the shell ornamentation, the ontogeny and development of the tuberous spruce were studied in this paper. The developmental process was divided into three stages: infancy (shell length < 2 cm), youth (shell length between 2 cm and 5 cm) and adult stage (shell length > 5 cm). The (Longquania) belongs to the (Aglaspidids) arthropod of Photomonas, which is very rare in Guanshan biota. The morphological characteristics of the insect are described in this paper according to several well-preserved specimens collected in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：Q915

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