【摘要】：砂巖型鈾礦是為核工業(yè)研究提供鈾元素的重要礦產(chǎn)資源之一,研究砂巖型鈾礦中本源微生物群落關(guān)系有利于了解微生物對(duì)鈾礦化的影響。研究表明,鈾礦床中存在的大量生物烴氣在鈾礦床繼續(xù)沉積過(guò)程中起一定重要作用。目前關(guān)于鈾礦床本源產(chǎn)烴氣菌類群與現(xiàn)代鈾礦床沉積作用相關(guān)性的研究甚少,而產(chǎn)氫菌可為產(chǎn)烴氣菌提供生長(zhǎng)條件,因此有必要對(duì)鈾礦床本源產(chǎn)氫、烴氣菌類群分布進(jìn)行研究。本文首次確定了新疆十紅灘砂巖型鈾礦床中存在產(chǎn)氫、烴氣菌并調(diào)查了其菌群的多樣性,為微生物鈾沉積作用提供一定依據(jù),也為鈾礦開采可持續(xù)發(fā)展并對(duì)因鈾礦的開發(fā)導(dǎo)致的鈾污染進(jìn)行生物修復(fù)提供一定參考。本文應(yīng)用MPN法對(duì)十紅灘鈾礦床中產(chǎn)氫菌進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù),結(jié)果表明不同地化分帶均分布有產(chǎn)氫菌。通過(guò)深層富集培養(yǎng)、分離純化手段對(duì)鈾礦床中可培養(yǎng)產(chǎn)氫菌類群進(jìn)行研究,共分離得到12株產(chǎn)氫菌,主要?dú)w屬于腸桿菌科Enterobacteriaceae及梭菌屬Clostridium sp.。PCR-DGGE研究表明產(chǎn)氫菌菌屬種類主要?dú)w屬于腸桿菌科Enterobacteriaceae及梭菌屬Clostridium sp.,假單胞菌屬Pseudomonas sp.及芽孢菌屬Bacillus sp.,產(chǎn)氫菌種群豐度在不同礦帶呈氧化帶過(guò)渡帶還原帶。通過(guò)厭氧培養(yǎng)結(jié)合產(chǎn)甲烷菌MCRA基因及細(xì)菌16S rRNA基因V3區(qū)PCR-DGGE對(duì)產(chǎn)烴氣菌類群進(jìn)行研究,結(jié)果表明,產(chǎn)甲烷菌菌群種類主要?dú)w屬于甲烷螺菌屬M(fèi)ethanospirllum sp.,甲烷嗜甲基菌屬M(fèi)ethanomethylovorans sp.,甲烷八疊球菌屬M(fèi)ethanosarcina sp.及甲烷囊菌屬M(fèi)ethanoculleus sp.。采用熒光檢測(cè)產(chǎn)甲烷菌菌體形態(tài)與DGGE結(jié)果一致,其種群在鈾礦床不同地化分帶的豐度分布呈氧化帶過(guò)渡帶還原帶。產(chǎn)甲烷菌富集培養(yǎng)物伴生細(xì)菌種類主要?dú)w屬于腸桿菌科Enterobacteriaceae,梭菌屬Clostridium sp.,泛菌屬Pantoea sp.,微桿菌屬Exiguobacterium sp.,纖維單胞菌屬Cellulomonas sp.和四球菌屬Tessaracoccus sp.。主成分分析(PCA)表明產(chǎn)氫菌類群結(jié)構(gòu)在不同地化分帶無(wú)明顯差異而產(chǎn)甲烷菌類群結(jié)構(gòu)在不同地化分帶有差異；典型對(duì)應(yīng)分析(CCA)表明,產(chǎn)氫菌數(shù)量類群及產(chǎn)烴菌類群分布與環(huán)境因子有機(jī)碳、硫含量等相關(guān)。十紅灘砂巖型鈾礦床中存在具有活性的產(chǎn)氫、烴氣菌,其種類分布呈現(xiàn)一定地球化學(xué)分帶性。產(chǎn)氫、烴氣菌的生態(tài)多樣性從微生物學(xué)角度揭示了生物氣對(duì)鈾還原沉積的作用,對(duì)微生物鈾成礦作用研究具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Sandstone-type uranium deposits are one of the important mineral resources for the study of uranium elements in nuclear industry. It is helpful to understand the effect of microbes on uranium mineralization by studying the relationship of native microbial communities in sandstone-type uranium deposits. The study shows that the existence of a large amount of biogenic hydrocarbon gas in uranium deposits plays an important role in the continuous deposition of uranium deposits. At present, there is little research on the correlation between the original hydrocarbon producing gas bacteria group of uranium deposit and the sedimentary process of modern uranium deposit, and the hydrogen producing bacteria can provide the growth conditions for the hydrocarbon producing gas bacteria. Therefore, it is necessary to study the distribution of the origin hydrogen production and hydrocarbon gas bacteria group of the uranium deposit. In this paper, the existence of hydrogen and hydrocarbon gas bacteria in Shihongtan sandstone-type uranium deposit in Xinjiang is determined for the first time, and the diversity of its flora is investigated, which provides a basis for microbial uranium deposition. It also provides a certain reference for the sustainable development of uranium mining and bioremediation of uranium pollution caused by uranium exploitation. In this paper, the hydrogen producing bacteria in Shihongtan uranium deposit are counted by MPN method. The results show that hydrogen producing bacteria are distributed in different geochemical zonation. A total of 12 strains of hydrogen-producing bacteria were isolated from uranium deposits by means of deep enrichment culture, separation and purification. Studies on Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium sp..PCR-DGGE showed that the species of hydrogen producing bacteria mainly belong to Enterobacteriaceae of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas sp. of Clostridium sp.,. And the abundance of hydrogen producing bacteria of Bacillus sp., in different ore zones is in the transition zone of oxidizing zone and reducing zone. The hydrocarbon-producing bacteria group was studied by anaerobic culture combined with methanogenic bacteria MCRA gene and 16s rRNA gene V3 PCR-DGGE. The species of methanogenic bacteria mainly belong to the genus Methanospirllum sp., methanophilic bacteria Methanomethylovorans sp., methanemophilus genus Methanosarcina sp.. And methanocystis Methanoculleus sp.. The morphology of methanogenic bacteria detected by fluorescence was consistent with that of DGGE. The abundance distribution of methanogenic bacteria in different geochemical zonation zones of uranium deposits was in the transition zone of oxidizing zone and reducing zone. The bacteria associated with the enrichment culture of methanogenic bacteria mainly belong to the Enterobacteriaceae, family of Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridium sp., pantobacillus, Pantoea sp., microbacillus, Exiguobacterium sp., fibrinomonas, Cellulomonas sp.. And tetracoccus Tessaracoccus sp.. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that there was no significant difference in the structure of hydrogen producing bacteria group in different geochemical zoning, while methanogenic bacteria group structure was different in different geochemistry, and typical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that, The distribution of hydrocarbon-producing bacteria and hydrocarbon-producing bacteria was related to the organic carbon and sulfur content of environmental factors. In Shihongtan sandstone-type uranium deposit, there are active hydrocarbon-producing and hydrocarbon gas-producing bacteria, and their species distribution shows a certain geochemical zonation. The ecological diversity of hydrocarbon-producing and hydrocarbon-gas bacteria reveals the effect of biogas on uranium reduction and deposition from the microbiological point of view, which is of great significance to the study of microbial uranium mineralization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P619.14

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