【摘要】：寬級配礫石土的級配較寬,孔隙尺度跨越幾個數(shù)量級,降雨入滲易形成空間上的不均勻入滲,即優(yōu)先流入滲�；诳紫督Y(jié)構(gòu)的分形特征,定量研究降雨在寬級配礫石土中的入滲規(guī)律。根據(jù)多孔介質(zhì)分形理論及HagenPoiseulle方程,水在不同尺度的孔隙管道內(nèi)入滲率的量級不同,將土體的孔隙部分劃分為2個區(qū)域—基質(zhì)區(qū)和優(yōu)先流區(qū),這2個區(qū)域所占的比例隨雨強的變化而變化。基質(zhì)區(qū)內(nèi)各孔隙管道的入滲率均達到其最大的入滲率,但各不相同,孔隙管道的直徑量級小,入滲率量級小,優(yōu)先流區(qū)各孔隙管道的入滲率相同且均未達到其最大入滲率,孔隙管道直徑量級大,入滲率的量級遠大于基質(zhì)區(qū),據(jù)此特征從理論上推導(dǎo)了降雨在土體不同孔隙區(qū)域內(nèi)的入滲量和入滲率的表達式;基于此研究了基質(zhì)區(qū)和優(yōu)先流區(qū)的面積在孔隙中所占比例隨雨強的變化特征及相應(yīng)入滲量和入滲率的變化特征。結(jié)果表明:降雨在土體中的入滲呈現(xiàn)出優(yōu)先流區(qū)高速入滲,基質(zhì)區(qū)入滲相對緩慢的特點;隨著雨強的增大,優(yōu)先流區(qū)域的入滲率也隨之增大。降雨入滲優(yōu)先流現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的根本原因是土體多尺度的孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)和無壓力的自由入滲邊界2個因素,其大小和分布受到土的飽和滲透系數(shù)和降雨強度的影響。從孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)的角度解釋了降雨入滲優(yōu)先流的產(chǎn)生機制。
[Abstract]:The gradation of the grained gravel soil is wider, the pore scale spans several orders of magnitude, and the rainfall infiltration is easy to form inhomogeneous infiltration in space, that is, preferential inflow infiltration. Based on the fractal characteristics of pore structure, the infiltration law of rainfall in gravel-soil with wide gradation was studied quantitatively. According to the fractal theory of porous media and HagenPoiseulle equation, the water infiltration rate in different scale pore pipes is different. The pore part of soil is divided into two regions-matrix region and preferential flow zone. The proportion of these two regions varies with the change of rain intensity. The infiltration rate of each pore pipe in the matrix area is the highest, but it is different. The diameter of the pore pipe is small, the infiltration rate of each pore pipe in the preferential flow area is the same and the maximum infiltration rate is not reached. The diameter of pore pipe is large, and the infiltration rate is much larger than that of matrix region. According to the characteristics, the expressions of infiltration amount and infiltration rate of rainfall in different pore regions of soil are deduced theoretically. Based on this, the variation characteristics of the proportion of matrix area and priority flow area in pore with rain intensity and the corresponding infiltration rate and infiltration rate are studied. The results show that the infiltration of rainfall in soil presents the characteristics of high speed infiltration in preferential flow area and relatively slow infiltration in matrix area, and the infiltration rate of preferential flow area increases with the increase of rainfall intensity. The primary causes of preferential flow of rainfall infiltration are the multi-scale pore structure of soil and the free infiltration boundary without pressure. The size and distribution of the two factors are affected by the saturation permeability coefficient and rainfall intensity of the soil. The mechanism of preferential flow of rainfall infiltration is explained from the point of view of pore structure.
【作者單位】： 中國科學院山地災(zāi)害與地表過程重點實驗室;中國科學院水利部成都山地災(zāi)害與環(huán)境研究所;中國科學院青藏高原地球科學卓越創(chuàng)新中心;中國科學院大學;河北地質(zhì)大學勘查技術(shù)與工程學院;云南農(nóng)業(yè)大學水利學院;
【基金】：國家重點基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計劃資助項目(2013CB733201) 中科院重點部署項目資助(KZZD-EW-05-01);中科院百人計劃資助項目(蘇立君) 國家自然科學基金資助項目(51278397)
【分類號】：TU43;TV139.1

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