【摘要】：多頻陣列感應(yīng)測(cè)井信號(hào)的發(fā)射和接收是儀器設(shè)計(jì)中的核心部分,本論文研究陣列感應(yīng)測(cè)井儀多頻信號(hào)的發(fā)射與接收方法。首先用Lab VIEW軟件仿真陣列感應(yīng)測(cè)井儀多頻信號(hào)發(fā)射與接收的基本原理與測(cè)試可行性,然后進(jìn)行硬件設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn),開發(fā)出可以進(jìn)行多頻信號(hào)發(fā)射與接收實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,具體內(nèi)容和成果主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾方面:第一部分主要研究陣列感應(yīng)測(cè)井儀多頻信號(hào)的發(fā)射與接收機(jī)理。首先推導(dǎo)方波信號(hào)的傅立葉展開公式,證明方波與奇次諧波之間的分解和合成是可逆的。然后利用Lab VIEW軟件仿真無(wú)噪聲時(shí)基于8個(gè)奇次諧波信號(hào)的陣列感應(yīng)儀的多頻信號(hào)發(fā)射與接收特性。結(jié)果表明,8個(gè)諧波合成發(fā)射近似方波,而接收不是方波,但具有提取方波信號(hào)的特征信息。最后研宄含噪聲時(shí)的發(fā)射和接收特性。通過(guò)仿真表明將堆棧技術(shù)和傅立葉變換結(jié)合起來(lái)可以有效消除接收信號(hào)中的各種隨機(jī)噪聲。這些成果為實(shí)際陣列感應(yīng)測(cè)井儀多頻發(fā)射與接收傳感器電路的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)提供了理論依據(jù)。第二部分設(shè)計(jì)了陣列感應(yīng)測(cè)井儀實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置硬件電路,包括發(fā)射、線圈系和接收電路三部分。發(fā)射電路采用DSP處理器產(chǎn)生高低電平,結(jié)合編寫的占空比為50%、頻率l OKHz的PWM脈寬調(diào)制波形程序,生成基頻為l OKHz的方波信號(hào)。發(fā)射電路由DSP芯片及其外圍電路組成。制作了實(shí)驗(yàn)室可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的典型三線圈系。采用2812 DSP為主控芯片構(gòu)成一個(gè)多通道數(shù)據(jù)采集接收電路。通過(guò)調(diào)理濾波電路解決信號(hào)放大濾波問(wèn)題,利用高精度數(shù)據(jù)懫集電路實(shí)現(xiàn)了信號(hào)的采集功能。接收電路主要包含電源濾波電路、信號(hào)調(diào)理電路、外圍電路、串口電路、外部存儲(chǔ)器電路等。最終根據(jù)PCB原理圖焊接完成測(cè)試電路板。第三部分完成了陣列感應(yīng)測(cè)井儀實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置的軟件設(shè)計(jì),包括DSP采集程序、校正方法、上位機(jī)軟件等。設(shè)計(jì)基于DSP采集程序,進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)模塊配置,包括時(shí)鐘、相應(yīng)寄存器、外部端口、事件管理器、ADC懫集模塊等。通過(guò)比較分析傳統(tǒng)兩點(diǎn)一線校正原理和最小二乘法校正原理各優(yōu)越性,確定應(yīng)用最小二乘法校正方法來(lái)提高采集精度。采用VB語(yǔ)言^u發(fā)上位機(jī)軟件,它主要實(shí)現(xiàn)了串口通信、命令控制、顯示波形、數(shù)據(jù)保存和數(shù)據(jù)處理等功能。信號(hào)被接收后DSP將采集到的數(shù)據(jù)送給上位機(jī)在其界面顯示。完成系統(tǒng)調(diào)試工作后,測(cè)得數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果表明設(shè)計(jì)滿足要求。^u發(fā)出的多頻陣列感應(yīng)測(cè)井發(fā)射與接收實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,可以研宄多頻信號(hào)的發(fā)射和接收過(guò)程、多頻方法消除測(cè)量噪聲的機(jī)理。
[Abstract]:The transmitting and receiving of multi-frequency array induction logging signal is the core part of the instrument design. In this paper, the method of transmitting and receiving multi-frequency signal of array induction logging tool is studied. The basic principle and test feasibility of transmitting and receiving multi-frequency signals of array induction logging tools are simulated with Lab VIEW software. Then the hardware design and implementation are carried out, and an experimental device is developed for the experimental study of multi-frequency signals. The main contents and achievements are as follows: the first part mainly studies the multi-frequency signal transmission and receiver theory of the array induction logging tool. Firstly, the Fourier expansion formula of square wave signal is derived. It is proved that the decomposition and synthesis between square wave and odd harmonic wave are reversible. Then Lab VIEW software is used to simulate the multi-frequency signal transmitting and receiving characteristics of the array sensor based on eight odd harmonic signals without noise. The results show that eight harmonic synthesizers transmit approximately square waves, but the reception is not square waves, but it has the characteristic information of extracting square wave signals. Finally, the transmitting and receiving characteristics of noise are studied. The simulation results show that the stack technique and Fourier transform can effectively eliminate the random noise in the received signal. These results provide a theoretical basis for the design and implementation of multi-frequency transmitter and receiver sensors for practical array induction logging tools. In the second part, the hardware circuit of array induction logging instrument is designed, which includes three parts: transmitting, coil system and receiving circuit. The transmitting circuit uses DSP processor to produce high and low level, combined with the program of PWM pulse width modulation waveform with duty cycle of 50 and frequency l OKHz to generate square wave signal with base frequency of l OKHz. The transmitting circuit is composed of DSP chip and its peripheral circuit. A typical three-coil system can be realized in the laboratory. A multi-channel data acquisition and receiving circuit is constructed with 2812 DSP as the main control chip. The problem of signal amplification and filtering is solved by adjusting the filter circuit, and the signal acquisition function is realized by using the high precision data collection circuit. The receiving circuit includes power filter circuit, signal conditioning circuit, peripheral circuit, serial circuit, external memory circuit and so on. Finally, the test circuit board is welded according to the PCB schematic diagram. In the third part, the software design of the array induction logging tool is completed, including the DSP acquisition program, the correction method, the host computer software and so on. The system module configuration is designed based on DSP acquisition program, including clock, register, external port, event manager, ADC-set module and so on. By comparing and analyzing the advantages of the traditional two point one line correction principle and the least square correction principle, it is determined that the least square correction method is used to improve the acquisition accuracy. The VB language is used to send the upper computer software, which mainly realizes the functions of serial communication, command control, waveform display, data saving and data processing. After the signal is received, DSP sends the collected data to the host computer to display on its interface. After the debugging of the system, the data obtained show that the design meets the requirements. The experimental device of multi-frequency array induction logging and receiving can be used to study the process of transmitting and receiving multi-frequency signals, and the mechanism of eliminating measurement noise by multi-frequency method can be studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P631.83

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