【摘要】：烈度等值線圖包含了地震參數(shù)與地震影響場(chǎng)的重要信息。傳統(tǒng)的地震烈度圖編制要綜合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查、遙感震害解譯、強(qiáng)震觀測(cè)記錄等資料,投入人力物力大、耗時(shí)長(zhǎng),不能滿足烈度速報(bào)對(duì)時(shí)效性的要求。目前烈度速報(bào)采用基于強(qiáng)震記錄的儀器地震烈度,通過(guò)空間插值計(jì)算獲得烈度等值線圖。由于我國(guó)現(xiàn)有強(qiáng)震動(dòng)臺(tái)網(wǎng)的空間分布極不均勻、臺(tái)站密度較小,地震發(fā)生時(shí)觸發(fā)臺(tái)站的數(shù)目往往較少,在生成儀器烈度等震線時(shí)結(jié)果往往不理想。針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題,本文利用烈度的衰減規(guī)律對(duì)克里金插值方法進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),通過(guò)衰減關(guān)系獲取實(shí)驗(yàn)變差函數(shù),研究了不同臺(tái)網(wǎng)狀況下克里金插值的特點(diǎn),分析了克里金方法在觸發(fā)臺(tái)站稀疏時(shí)插值結(jié)果失真的原因,并提出了一種根據(jù)臺(tái)網(wǎng)狀況構(gòu)建Voronoi補(bǔ)點(diǎn)的方法。本文的主要內(nèi)容包括:(1)選擇克里金插值方法作為研究對(duì)象,以實(shí)際地震事件為例進(jìn)行插值計(jì)算,并與其它插值方法的結(jié)果對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證了克里金方法在計(jì)算儀器地震烈度等值線圖上的優(yōu)越性,根據(jù)我國(guó)臺(tái)網(wǎng)實(shí)情指出了克里金方法在烈度等值線繪制過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題。(2)研究克里金插值中變差函數(shù)的構(gòu)建方法,指出我國(guó)現(xiàn)有臺(tái)網(wǎng)條件下變差函數(shù)的難以回歸擬合的狀況,引入地震烈度衰減關(guān)系來(lái)構(gòu)造變差函數(shù)。以人工建立的地震烈度影響場(chǎng)模型為研究對(duì)象,研究不同因素對(duì)于克里金插值結(jié)果的影響:首先,對(duì)比不同衰減關(guān)系得到的變差函數(shù)對(duì)插值結(jié)果的影響,給出建立變差函數(shù)的方法;其次,討論數(shù)據(jù)誤差對(duì)插值結(jié)果的影響,給出了插值數(shù)據(jù)的選取準(zhǔn)則;再次,總結(jié)不同臺(tái)網(wǎng)狀況下克里金插值結(jié)果的特點(diǎn),指出克里金插值產(chǎn)出的等值線圖不閉合的情況,提出需要進(jìn)行烈度補(bǔ)點(diǎn);最后,對(duì)插值結(jié)果進(jìn)行誤差分析,找出克里金插值結(jié)果失真的原因,確定了采用補(bǔ)點(diǎn)的方法對(duì)克里金方法進(jìn)行改進(jìn)。(3)提出基于Voronoi圖的克里金插值補(bǔ)點(diǎn)方法,對(duì)于等值線圖不閉合的情況,利用生成臺(tái)站Voronoi圖尋找臺(tái)網(wǎng)最稀疏的位置。在臺(tái)網(wǎng)最稀疏位置增補(bǔ)虛擬臺(tái)站,使得原本不閉合的等值線圖閉合,并利用空隙角大小范圍給出了基于Voronoi圖補(bǔ)點(diǎn)原則。
[Abstract]:The isoline map of intensity contains important information of seismic parameters and seismic impact field. The traditional compilation of seismic intensity map should be comprehensive field investigation, remote sensing seismic damage interpretation, strong earthquake observation records, and other data, invest a lot of manpower and material resources, take a long time, can not meet the intensity of rapid reporting requirements for timeliness. At present, the seismicity of instrument based on strong earthquake record is used in fast intensity report, and the isoline map of intensity is obtained by spatial interpolation. Because the spatial distribution of the existing strong seismic network in China is extremely uneven, the density of stations is relatively small, the number of triggering stations is often less when earthquakes occur, and the results are often not ideal when generating the isoseismic lines of instrument intensity. Aiming at this problem, this paper improves the Kriging interpolation method by using the attenuation law of intensity, obtains the experimental variation function by the attenuation relation, and studies the characteristics of Kriging interpolation under different network conditions. This paper analyzes the causes of distortion of interpolation results of Kriging method when triggering stations are sparse, and puts forward a method to construct Voronoi complement points according to network conditions. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the Kriging interpolation method is selected as the research object, and the actual seismic events are taken as an example to carry out the interpolation calculation, and the results are compared with the results of other interpolation methods. The superiority of Kriging method in the isoline map of seismic intensity is verified. According to the reality of Chinese network, the problems of Kriging method in intensity isoline drawing are pointed out. (2) the construction method of variation function in Kriging interpolation is studied, and the situation that variation function is difficult to be regressed and fitted under the condition of network in our country is pointed out. The variation function is constructed by introducing the attenuation relation of seismic intensity. The effect of different factors on the results of Kriging interpolation is studied by using the artificial model of seismic intensity influence field. Firstly, the effects of variation function obtained by different attenuation relations on the interpolation results are compared. The method of establishing variation function is given. Secondly, the influence of data error on interpolation results is discussed, and the selection criteria of interpolation data are given. Thirdly, the characteristics of Kriging interpolation results under different network conditions are summarized. It is pointed out that the isoline map produced by Kriging interpolation is not closed, and the intensity complement points are proposed. Finally, the error analysis of the interpolation results is carried out to find out the reasons for the distortion of Kriging interpolation results. The method of complement point is used to improve the Kriging method. (3) the Kriging interpolation complement method based on Voronoi graph is proposed. In the case of isoline graph not closed, the station Voronoi graph is used to find the most sparse position of the network. Virtual stations are added to the most sparse position of the network, which makes the original unclosed isoline graphs close, and the principle of complement points based on Voronoi diagram is given by using the gap angle range.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地震局工程力學(xué)研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P315

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本文編號(hào)：2220081