基于多元素?cái)?shù)據(jù)融合的化探異常評(píng)判
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-16 15:50
【摘要】：勘查地球化學(xué)作為一種效率高、效果顯著的找礦方法,近年來有了長足的發(fā)展,已應(yīng)用于地質(zhì)工作的各個(gè)階段,并成為一種不可或缺的方法手段。它具有工作成本低、測量控制面積大、發(fā)現(xiàn)地球化學(xué)異常多的特點(diǎn),能夠圈定成礦遠(yuǎn)景地段、縮小找礦靶區(qū)�？辈榈厍蚧瘜W(xué)的關(guān)鍵在于“異常評(píng)判”。傳統(tǒng)的異常評(píng)判,通常都是對(duì)單一元素采用簡單數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)方法(單元素計(jì)算法)進(jìn)行,或者依賴于人為經(jīng)驗(yàn)判斷,形成單元素異常圖和將不同元素異常添加到一起的綜合異常圖,用于指導(dǎo)找礦。二十世紀(jì)以來,隨著地質(zhì)工作的深入,淺部富礦產(chǎn)資源開采殆盡,現(xiàn)階段易識(shí)別礦和地表露頭礦越來越少,地質(zhì)找礦難度急劇增大。今后的方向只能是低品位資源和深部隱伏礦,以往篩選“高、大、全”化探異常的找礦模式概率很小,這對(duì)化探工作及異常評(píng)判提出了更高的要求。另一方面計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,尤其是地理信息系統(tǒng)(GIS)等軟件的廣泛應(yīng)用,提高了化探的數(shù)據(jù)處理的效率,將數(shù)據(jù)輸入電腦可以直接制成化探的成果圖件—單元素異常等值線圖。而在實(shí)際工作中這種高效的電腦圈定的異常,要么使異常大片出現(xiàn)失去了指示性,要么漫天撒豆毫無規(guī)律可循,難以達(dá)到指導(dǎo)地質(zhì)工作的目的,也給異常的檢查驗(yàn)證提出了難題。雖然近年基于“地質(zhì)—礦產(chǎn)—物探—化探—遙感的多元地學(xué)信息集成技術(shù)”有了很大的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用,基于不同化探方法“模塊組合”找礦也取得了一定效果,但是對(duì)于多元之一的化探基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)的融合處理研究較少。本文以內(nèi)蒙古呼倫貝爾市阿爾善等四幅1:50000區(qū)域礦產(chǎn)地質(zhì)調(diào)查區(qū)作為研究對(duì)象,在充分搜集以往地質(zhì)、化探資料的基礎(chǔ)上,開展1:50000土壤地球化學(xué)測量1387km2,采集樣品8316件,分析元素116424個(gè)。通過正態(tài)分布檢驗(yàn)、數(shù)據(jù)均勻化和R型聚類分析對(duì)各元素進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,綜合分析各元素的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系,建立了“證據(jù)加權(quán)”多元素?cái)?shù)據(jù)融合的異常分析模型。文中以研究區(qū)Cu元素為例,將Pb、As、Ag、Au、Hg作為輔助元素進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)融合,以達(dá)到快速、準(zhǔn)確評(píng)判異常的目的。研究主要從二個(gè)方面入手對(duì)化探數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理:一方面,根據(jù)元素相關(guān)性將異常進(jìn)行融合處理,以增強(qiáng)信號(hào)強(qiáng)度,達(dá)到信息的互補(bǔ),彌補(bǔ)單一元素反映信息不足的問題;另一方面,根據(jù)融合后數(shù)據(jù)重新進(jìn)行數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì),提高異常下限去除冗余信息,降低干擾因素的影響。融合后的異常具有很好的再現(xiàn)性,并且能夠更加精確定位,指示礦化體的方向。以此對(duì)化探異常進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)判,達(dá)到了較好效果。基于多元素?cái)?shù)據(jù)融合的化探異常評(píng)判符合多元信息集成的發(fā)展需求,也順應(yīng)“一張圖”管理和“大地質(zhì)、大數(shù)據(jù)”時(shí)代的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Exploration geochemistry, as an efficient and effective prospecting method, has made great progress in recent years. It has been applied to various stages of geological work and has become an indispensable method. It has the characteristics of low work cost, large survey control area and many geochemical anomalies. It can delineate the metallogenic potential area and narrow down the prospecting target area. The key of exploration geochemistry lies in "anomaly judgment". The traditional anomaly judgment is usually based on simple mathematical statistical method (single element calculation method) for a single element, or depends on human experience judgment. The formation of single element anomaly map and the addition of different element anomalies together are used to guide prospecting. Since the 20th century, with the deepening of geological work, shallow rich mineral resources have been exhausted. At this stage, it is easy to identify mines and surface outcrop mines more and less, and geological prospecting is becoming more and more difficult. In the future, the direction can only be low grade resources and deep hidden deposits. In the past, the probability of prospecting mode of "high, large and full" geochemical exploration anomalies is very small, which puts forward higher requirements for geochemical exploration work and anomaly evaluation. On the other hand, with the development of computer technology, especially the wide application of (GIS) and other software, the data processing efficiency of geochemical exploration can be improved. In the actual work, such highly efficient computer delineation anomalies either make the abnormal large areas appear without indication, or that there are no rules to be followed throughout the sky, so it is difficult to achieve the purpose of guiding geological work. It also presents a difficult problem for checking and verifying exceptions. Although there has been great development and application in recent years in the integration technology of multiple geosciences based on "geology, mineral resources, geophysical prospecting, geochemical prospecting and remote sensing", the "modular combination" prospecting based on different geochemical exploration methods has also achieved certain results. However, there is little research on fusion of geochemical data. In this paper, taking the 1: 50000 regional mineral geological survey area of Alshan and other four regions of Hulunbeir City, Inner Mongolia as the research object, on the basis of collecting the past geological and geochemical data, 1: 50000 soil geochemical survey 1387km2, 8316 samples were collected. Analysis element 116424. Through normal distribution test, data homogenization and R-type clustering analysis, the statistical analysis of each element is carried out, and the difference and relation of each element are analyzed synthetically, and the abnormal analysis model of "evidence-weighted" multi-element data fusion is established. In this paper, taking Cu element in the study area as an example, the data fusion is carried out by using PbASA-Ag-Ag-Au-Hg as the auxiliary element, in order to quickly and accurately judge the anomaly. The study mainly deals with geochemical data from two aspects: on the one hand, the anomaly is fused according to the correlation of elements to enhance the signal intensity, to achieve the complementary information, and to make up for the lack of information reflected by single element; On the other hand, according to the fusion data, the mathematical statistics are reconducted to improve the lower limit of anomaly to remove redundant information and reduce the influence of interference factors. The fusion anomaly has good reproducibility and can be more accurately located to indicate the direction of the mineralized body. In this way, the geochemical anomalies are comprehensively evaluated and good results are achieved. The geochemical anomaly evaluation based on multi-element data fusion accords with the development demand of multivariate information integration, as well as the development of "one map" management and "big geology, big data" era.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P632
[Abstract]:Exploration geochemistry, as an efficient and effective prospecting method, has made great progress in recent years. It has been applied to various stages of geological work and has become an indispensable method. It has the characteristics of low work cost, large survey control area and many geochemical anomalies. It can delineate the metallogenic potential area and narrow down the prospecting target area. The key of exploration geochemistry lies in "anomaly judgment". The traditional anomaly judgment is usually based on simple mathematical statistical method (single element calculation method) for a single element, or depends on human experience judgment. The formation of single element anomaly map and the addition of different element anomalies together are used to guide prospecting. Since the 20th century, with the deepening of geological work, shallow rich mineral resources have been exhausted. At this stage, it is easy to identify mines and surface outcrop mines more and less, and geological prospecting is becoming more and more difficult. In the future, the direction can only be low grade resources and deep hidden deposits. In the past, the probability of prospecting mode of "high, large and full" geochemical exploration anomalies is very small, which puts forward higher requirements for geochemical exploration work and anomaly evaluation. On the other hand, with the development of computer technology, especially the wide application of (GIS) and other software, the data processing efficiency of geochemical exploration can be improved. In the actual work, such highly efficient computer delineation anomalies either make the abnormal large areas appear without indication, or that there are no rules to be followed throughout the sky, so it is difficult to achieve the purpose of guiding geological work. It also presents a difficult problem for checking and verifying exceptions. Although there has been great development and application in recent years in the integration technology of multiple geosciences based on "geology, mineral resources, geophysical prospecting, geochemical prospecting and remote sensing", the "modular combination" prospecting based on different geochemical exploration methods has also achieved certain results. However, there is little research on fusion of geochemical data. In this paper, taking the 1: 50000 regional mineral geological survey area of Alshan and other four regions of Hulunbeir City, Inner Mongolia as the research object, on the basis of collecting the past geological and geochemical data, 1: 50000 soil geochemical survey 1387km2, 8316 samples were collected. Analysis element 116424. Through normal distribution test, data homogenization and R-type clustering analysis, the statistical analysis of each element is carried out, and the difference and relation of each element are analyzed synthetically, and the abnormal analysis model of "evidence-weighted" multi-element data fusion is established. In this paper, taking Cu element in the study area as an example, the data fusion is carried out by using PbASA-Ag-Ag-Au-Hg as the auxiliary element, in order to quickly and accurately judge the anomaly. The study mainly deals with geochemical data from two aspects: on the one hand, the anomaly is fused according to the correlation of elements to enhance the signal intensity, to achieve the complementary information, and to make up for the lack of information reflected by single element; On the other hand, according to the fusion data, the mathematical statistics are reconducted to improve the lower limit of anomaly to remove redundant information and reduce the influence of interference factors. The fusion anomaly has good reproducibility and can be more accurately located to indicate the direction of the mineralized body. In this way, the geochemical anomalies are comprehensively evaluated and good results are achieved. The geochemical anomaly evaluation based on multi-element data fusion accords with the development demand of multivariate information integration, as well as the development of "one map" management and "big geology, big data" era.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P632
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