【摘要】：巖溶山地在我國國土面積中有著較大的分布比例，大約占國土面積的30%。山東省是中國北方重要的巖溶地區(qū)分布之一，可溶性巖石出露面積約為16200km2。僅濟南市南部山區(qū)的巖溶面積就約為3500km2，占整個山東省巖溶面積的21.6%，占濟南市土地面積的近40%。但是在快速城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展的背景下，隨著人們對濟南巖溶山區(qū)的不斷開發(fā)，，研究區(qū)內(nèi)的一系列如石漠化、生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱、土地塌陷等擾動巖溶山區(qū)穩(wěn)定的環(huán)境問題越來越突出。 本文在濟南快速城鎮(zhèn)化的實際發(fā)展背景下，以濟南巖溶山區(qū)為研究區(qū)域，采用理論與實際相結(jié)合、室內(nèi)研究與野外調(diào)查相補充的技術(shù)路線，構(gòu)建濟南南部山區(qū)巖溶環(huán)境擾動指數(shù)（KDI）模型，從影響巖溶環(huán)境擾動的地形因素、土壤因素、水文因素、大氣因素、生物因素、文化因素等多個主要影響因子進行分析，并從土地利用面積變化、洪水、采石采礦、土壤變化、空氣質(zhì)量變化、降水量、水質(zhì)、植被覆蓋、巖溶山區(qū)的管理情況、交通發(fā)展情況、人口變化等具體指標(biāo)展開研究論述。 本次論文以巖溶擾動指數(shù)打分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為依據(jù)，通過前期多次對研究區(qū)內(nèi)的部分村鎮(zhèn)的實際走訪考察和問卷調(diào)查，并結(jié)合20位相關(guān)地理學(xué)和旅游學(xué)等方面的專家對濟南巖溶山區(qū)環(huán)境擾動指標(biāo)的打分結(jié)果，初步整理論文寫作需要的數(shù)據(jù)，運用EXCEL和SPASS等軟件對影響巖溶環(huán)境擾動的具體指標(biāo)因子進行打分判讀。結(jié)合濟南快速城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀，通過對巖溶區(qū)的地表形態(tài)變化和土壤狀況的分析，可以得出人類活動中的采石開礦、土壤侵蝕與土壤緊實的程度等特征因子都會對巖溶區(qū)的地貌變化產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)影響。而巖溶區(qū)的水質(zhì)、水量變化，尤其是地下水水位的變化又會對巖溶環(huán)境中的水文因素造成擾動。研究區(qū)的植被擾動狀況，如植被覆蓋度和人口密度等特征因子的變化也會導(dǎo)致巖溶區(qū)的生物因素發(fā)生變動，進而影響整個巖溶區(qū)的生態(tài)狀況。濟南巖溶山區(qū)有著豐富的旅游景觀資源，本文通過大量的野外調(diào)查活動，對研究區(qū)的人文古跡狀況、巖溶區(qū)的日常管理工作和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)三方面展開分析，深入探究文化因素對巖溶環(huán)境中的作用和影響。 在快速發(fā)展的城鎮(zhèn)化背景下，本文通過對濟南巖溶山區(qū)環(huán)境擾動特征的研究分析，得出相關(guān)結(jié)論。進而從優(yōu)化土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)，治理污染、改善空氣質(zhì)量，合理利用和保護水資源，加強發(fā)展巖溶山區(qū)的生態(tài)建設(shè)和加強管理并建立環(huán)境管理機構(gòu)等幾個方面提出綜合治理措施。以將引起巖溶區(qū)環(huán)境擾動的各個特征值降到最低，最終實現(xiàn)人與自然的和諧發(fā)展，同時力爭能夠為我國其他巖溶地區(qū)的環(huán)境治理與發(fā)展提供可參考的依據(jù)和實例。 最后，本文對研究中的主要成果和存在的不足進行了總結(jié)，并對本研究領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展方向進行了展望。
[Abstract]:Karst mountain area in China has a large distribution ratio, accounting for about 30 percent of the land area. Shandong Province is one of the most important karst areas in the north of China. The area of soluble rock outcrop is about 16200km2. The karst area in the southern mountainous area of Jinan City alone is about 3 500 km2 accounting for 21. 6% of the total karst area in Shandong Province and nearly 40 km ~ 2 of the land area of Jinan City. However, with the rapid development of urbanization, with the continuous development of Jinan karst mountain areas, a series of environmental problems such as rocky desertification, fragile ecological environment, land collapse and so on, which disturb the stability of karst mountain areas, are becoming more and more prominent. Under the background of rapid urbanization in Jinan, this paper takes the karst mountain area of Jinan as the research area, and adopts the technical route of combining theory with practice, complementing indoor research and field investigation. The KDI model of karst environment disturbance index (KDI) was constructed in the southern mountainous area of Jinan. The main influencing factors such as topography factor, soil factor, hydrological factor, atmosphere factor, biological factor, cultural factor and so on were analyzed. The paper also discusses the land use area change, flood, quarrying, soil change, air quality change, precipitation, water quality, vegetation cover, management situation of karst mountain area, traffic development, population change and so on. Based on the criteria of scoring Karst disturbance Index, this paper has visited and surveyed some villages and towns in the study area many times in the early stage. Combining with the results of 20 experts in geography, tourism and other related fields to score the environmental disturbance index in Jinan karst mountain area, the data needed for the writing of the paper are preliminarily sorted out. The software excel and spas are used to mark and interpret the specific index factors which affect the disturbance of karst environment. Combined with the present situation of rapid urbanization in Jinan, through the analysis of the changes of surface morphology and soil conditions in karst areas, the quarrying and mining in human activities can be obtained. The characteristic factors such as soil erosion and the degree of soil compaction have a corresponding effect on the geomorphologic changes in karst areas. The variation of water quality and quantity of water, especially the change of groundwater level, will disturb the hydrological factors in karst environment. The change of vegetation disturbance condition, such as vegetation coverage and population density, will also lead to the change of biological factors in karst area, and then affect the ecological condition of the whole karst area. There are abundant tourist landscape resources in the karst mountainous area of Jinan. Through a large number of field investigation activities, this paper analyzes the situation of the humanities and historic sites in the study area, the daily management work and the infrastructure construction of the karst area. To explore the effect of cultural factors on karst environment. Under the background of rapid development of urbanization, this paper studies and analyzes the characteristics of environmental disturbance in Jinan karst mountain area, and draws relevant conclusions. Finally, comprehensive measures are put forward from several aspects, such as optimizing land use structure, controlling pollution, improving air quality, rationally utilizing and protecting water resources, strengthening ecological construction, strengthening management and setting up environmental management organization in karst mountain areas. In order to reduce the characteristic values of environmental disturbance to the lowest, to realize the harmonious development of man and nature, and to provide reference basis and examples for the environmental treatment and development of other karst areas in China. Finally, this paper summarizes the main achievements and shortcomings of the research, and prospects the development of this research field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P642.25

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