【摘要】：隨著我國人口的急劇增加,經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,城市規(guī)模不斷變大,交通條件成為影響城市發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要因素。近年來,我國的高速公路事業(yè)也在蓬勃發(fā)展,各省、市相繼開展了相當(dāng)規(guī)模的高速公路工程,并在工程實(shí)踐中積累了大量的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),但同時(shí)由于對地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險(xiǎn)性評(píng)估以及建設(shè)場地適宜性評(píng)估工作認(rèn)識(shí)不足,在施工過程中以及竣工通車過程中,都出現(xiàn)了許多意想不到的工程問題。因此,在高速公路建設(shè)過程中,如何查明場地地質(zhì)災(zāi)害類型、發(fā)育特征及其影響因素,并對地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險(xiǎn)性作出綜合評(píng)價(jià),確保公路工程持續(xù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展成為城市地質(zhì)環(huán)境研究工作的重要課題,而且意義深遠(yuǎn)。本文以密涿高速公路北京山區(qū)段工程為項(xiàng)目依托,通過現(xiàn)場踏勘及對已有地質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)資料的研究分析,選出重要因子及敏感因子作為評(píng)價(jià)因子,運(yùn)用層次分析法(AHP)確定各評(píng)價(jià)因子權(quán)重,并建立模糊綜合評(píng)判模型,對研究區(qū)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險(xiǎn)性作出綜合評(píng)價(jià),最后利用Mapgis軟件繪制出研究區(qū)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險(xiǎn)性評(píng)價(jià)分區(qū)圖。通過對研究區(qū)地質(zhì)環(huán)境條件進(jìn)行研究分析,并著重分析研究了地形地貌、巖土性質(zhì)、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造及地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,提出以地形地貌特征、水文氣象及地下水特征、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造特征、災(zāi)害狀況及人類活動(dòng)作為第一層因子,地形坡度、地形高差、沖溝發(fā)育程度、年平均降雨量、地下水特征、巖土體結(jié)構(gòu)、斷裂分布密度、地震動(dòng)峰值加速度、災(zāi)害密度、災(zāi)害規(guī)模及人類活動(dòng)作為第二層因子,{危險(xiǎn)性小,危險(xiǎn)性中等,危險(xiǎn)性大}作為評(píng)價(jià)集,建立評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,采用層次分析法(AHP)確定出各評(píng)價(jià)因子的權(quán)重。將研究區(qū)按200m×200m的規(guī)格進(jìn)行正方形網(wǎng)格劃分,共劃分為1469個(gè)小單元,運(yùn)用模糊綜合評(píng)判法對研究區(qū)各網(wǎng)格單元進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)。利用Mapgis軟件繪制出各評(píng)價(jià)因子剖分圖,用excel管理各網(wǎng)格單元屬性數(shù)據(jù)及評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù),并將數(shù)據(jù)與網(wǎng)格劃分圖進(jìn)行連接,最終得到密涿高速公路北京山區(qū)段地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險(xiǎn)性綜合評(píng)價(jià)分區(qū)圖,最終的成果圖可為工程建設(shè)提供參考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid increase of population and the rapid development of economy, the scale of the city becomes larger and larger, and the traffic condition becomes an important factor that affects the development of the city. In recent years, the expressway industry in our country is also booming. The provinces and cities have carried out a considerable number of expressway projects one after another, and have accumulated a large number of successful experiences in the engineering practice. At the same time, due to the lack of understanding of geological hazard risk assessment and suitability assessment of construction site, many unexpected engineering problems appear during the construction process and the completion and opening to traffic. Therefore, in the process of highway construction, how to find out the types of geological hazards, the characteristics of development and the influencing factors, and make a comprehensive evaluation of the hazards of geological disasters. To ensure the sustainable and stable development of highway engineering has become an important subject in the study of urban geological environment, and has far-reaching significance. Based on the project of Beijing Mountain Section of Mizhuo Expressway, this paper selects important factors and sensitive factors as evaluation factors through site exploration and research and analysis of existing geological foundation data. The weight of each evaluation factor is determined by AHP, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established to make a comprehensive evaluation of the geological hazard risk in the study area. Finally, the zoning map of the geological hazard risk assessment in the study area is drawn by using Mapgis software. Through the study and analysis of the geological environment conditions in the study area, and the emphasis on the analysis and study of the topography, rock and soil properties, geological structure and geological hazards, it is proposed that the characteristics of landform and geomorphology, hydrometeorology and groundwater, geological structure, and geological structure should be taken into account. Disaster status and human activities are the first layer factors, topographic gradient, topographic height difference, gully development degree, annual average rainfall, groundwater characteristics, rock and soil structure, fracture distribution density, peak acceleration of ground motion, disaster density, The scale of disasters and human activities are regarded as the second level factors, {the risk is small, the risk is medium, the risk is great} as the evaluation set, the evaluation index system is established, and the weight of each evaluation factor is determined by AHP. The research area is divided into 1469 small units according to the specification of 200m 脳 200m, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the grid elements in the study area. Using Mapgis software to draw the subdivision diagram of each evaluation factor, using excel to manage the attribute data of each grid cell and the evaluation result data, and connecting the data with the grid partition diagram. Finally, the comprehensive assessment zoning map of geological hazard risk in Beijing mountainous area of Mizhuo Expressway is obtained, and the final result map can be used as a reference for engineering construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U412.22;P694

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本文編號(hào)：2138333