Lysinibacillus sp. GW-2和Arthrobacter sp. MF-2誘導(dǎo)碳酸鹽礦物的形成及機(jī)理
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-20 20:44
【摘要】：微生物誘導(dǎo)碳酸鹽礦物沉淀機(jī)理的研究有可能為CO2的礦物捕獲提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。同時(shí),該領(lǐng)域的研究還有可能為尋找地外生命提供重要的線索,也可能在治理被重金屬污染的水體和土壤方面發(fā)揮重要的作用。近年來,微生物誘導(dǎo)碳酸鹽礦物形成的功能在對紀(jì)念碑等觀賞性石質(zhì)材料的風(fēng)化表面進(jìn)行環(huán)境友好的修復(fù)方面展現(xiàn)了越來越美好的前景。目前,微生物成因碳酸鹽礦物方面的研究成果已有很多,但仍有許多關(guān)鍵問題不甚清楚,例如,礦物的成核模板問題和礦物形態(tài)的控制因素問題等等。為了更好地闡明細(xì)菌作用下碳酸鹽礦物的形成機(jī)理,本文利用賴氨酸芽孢桿菌GW-2菌株和節(jié)桿菌MF-2菌株分別進(jìn)行了一系列的碳酸鹽礦化實(shí)驗(yàn)(培養(yǎng)基中不添加碳酸根離子),同時(shí)完成了一系列的無菌對照實(shí)驗(yàn)。在實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中,對培養(yǎng)液的pH值、電導(dǎo)率及其中細(xì)菌數(shù)量、胞外多糖、低分子量有機(jī)酸、Ca2+和Mg2+濃度、碳酸酐酶等進(jìn)行了動態(tài)監(jiān)測。利用掃描電子顯微鏡對礦物形態(tài)進(jìn)行了跟蹤觀察,利用X-射線衍射儀對礦物成分進(jìn)行了測定。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)賴氨酸芽孢桿菌GW-2菌株和節(jié)桿菌MF-2菌株均具有促進(jìn)碳酸鹽礦物形成的能力。它們可以利用空氣中的CO2或者細(xì)菌呼吸作用產(chǎn)生的CO2形成碳酸鹽礦物。(2)在GW-2和MF-2菌株作用下形成的礦物種類和形態(tài)均有差異。隨著培養(yǎng)時(shí)間的延長,GW-2菌株誘導(dǎo)形成的礦物種類演化方向?yàn)?非晶態(tài)碳酸鈣(ACC)→碳鈣鎂石→高鎂方解石,礦物形態(tài)主要為啞鈴形、花菜形、球狀、半球狀、板狀和不規(guī)則狀:MF-2菌株誘導(dǎo)形成的初始礦物為ACC,后來逐漸轉(zhuǎn)化為高鎂方解石,它們的形態(tài)主要為球狀、板狀和不規(guī)則狀。(3)在GW-2菌株作用下,碳鈣鎂石可能主要是ACC經(jīng)過老化作用而形成,而碳鈣鎂石經(jīng)過脫鎂作用形成高鎂方解石;在MF-2菌株作用下,鎂方解石可能是由ACC直接轉(zhuǎn)化而來。(4)電導(dǎo)率、Ca2+和Mg2+濃度與沉淀物質(zhì)量均呈極顯著的負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。GW-2菌株作用下相關(guān)系數(shù)r分別為0.89、0.93和0.98(P0.001)。MF-2菌株作用下r分別為0.86、0.89和0.92(P0.001)。電導(dǎo)率、Ca2+和Mg2+濃度的明顯降低有可能用來指示碳酸鹽礦物沉淀的發(fā)生。(5)pH值的升高為碳酸鹽沉淀提供了必要的物理化學(xué)環(huán)境,它與沉淀物質(zhì)量之間具有顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系。在GW-2菌株作用下,r=0.79,P0.05;在MF-2菌株作用下,r=0.95,P＜0.05。(6)各時(shí)間段平均沉淀速率與細(xì)菌數(shù)量和胞外多糖之間均具有顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系。在GW-2菌株作用下,r分別為0.67和0.62(P0.05);在MF-2菌株作用下,r分別為0.64和0.61(P0.05)。這些結(jié)果說明,細(xì)菌細(xì)胞和胞外多糖可能通過模板作用影響碳酸鹽的沉淀過程。上述研究結(jié)果有助于增進(jìn)對細(xì)菌作用下碳酸鹽礦物形成過程的了解,并為進(jìn)一步闡明其機(jī)理提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The mechanism of microorganism induced carbonate mineral precipitation may provide scientific basis for CO 2 mineral capture. At the same time, the research in this field may provide important clues for searching for extraterrestrial life, and may also play an important role in the treatment of water and soil contaminated by heavy metals. In recent years, the function of microbial induced carbonate mineral formation has shown more and more bright prospects for the environmentally friendly restoration of weathered surfaces of ornamental stone materials such as monuments. At present, there have been a lot of researches on microbial carbonate minerals, but there are still many key problems, such as the nucleation template of minerals and the controlling factors of mineral morphology, etc. In order to better elucidate the formation mechanism of carbonate minerals under the action of bacteria, In this paper, a series of carbonate mineralization experiments were carried out by Bacillus lysine GW-2 strain and Arthrobacter aureus MF-2 strain respectively, and a series of aseptic control experiments were carried out at the same time. In the course of the experiment, the pH value, electric conductivity, bacterial quantity, exopolysaccharide, concentration of Ca 2 and mg 2 of low molecular weight organic acid, carbonic anhydrase and so on were dynamically monitored. The mineral morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the mineral composition was determined by X ray diffractometer. The main results are as follows: (1) both Lysine Bacillus GW-2 and Arthrobacter MF-2 have the ability to promote the formation of carbonate minerals. They can form carbonate minerals by using CO2 in air or CO2 produced by bacterial respiration. (2) the species and morphology of minerals formed under the action of GW-2 and MF-2 are different. With the extension of culture time, the evolution direction of the minerals induced by GW-2 strain was as follows: amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) carburite and high magnesium calcite, the mineral forms were dumbbell, cauliflower, globular, hemispherical, and the mineral morphology was mainly dumbbell, cauliflower, globular and hemispherical. The initial mineral induced by plate-shaped and irregular MF-2 strain was ACCand then transformed into high-magnesium calcite, which was mainly spherical, plate-shaped and irregular. (3) under the action of GW-2 strain, Carbamite may have been formed mainly by ACC aging, while carbocalite was demagnetized to form high magnesium calcite under the action of MF-2 strain. Magnesium calcite may be transformed directly by ACC. (4) the correlation coefficients of Ca 2 and mg 2 concentrations in conductivity and sediment mass were significantly negative correlation. The correlation coefficient r of GW-2 strain was 0.890.93 and 0.98 (P0.001) .MF-2, respectively. R was 0.860.89 and 0.92 (P0.001), respectively. The obvious decrease of Ca 2 and mg 2 concentration in conductivity may be used to indicate the occurrence of carbonate mineral precipitation. (5) the increase of pH provides the necessary physical and chemical environment for carbonate precipitation, which has a significant positive correlation with the mass of precipitate. Under the action of GW-2 and MF-2, there was a significant positive correlation between the average precipitation rate and the number of bacteria and extracellular polysaccharides. Under the action of GW-2, it was 0.67 and 0.62 (P0.05), and 0.64 and 0.61 under MF-2 (P0.05), respectively. These results suggest that bacterial cells and extracellular polysaccharides may affect the precipitation process of carbonate by template action. The above results are helpful to improve the understanding of the formation process of carbonate minerals under the action of bacteria and provide scientific basis for further elucidation of its mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P57;Q93
本文編號：2134719
[Abstract]:The mechanism of microorganism induced carbonate mineral precipitation may provide scientific basis for CO 2 mineral capture. At the same time, the research in this field may provide important clues for searching for extraterrestrial life, and may also play an important role in the treatment of water and soil contaminated by heavy metals. In recent years, the function of microbial induced carbonate mineral formation has shown more and more bright prospects for the environmentally friendly restoration of weathered surfaces of ornamental stone materials such as monuments. At present, there have been a lot of researches on microbial carbonate minerals, but there are still many key problems, such as the nucleation template of minerals and the controlling factors of mineral morphology, etc. In order to better elucidate the formation mechanism of carbonate minerals under the action of bacteria, In this paper, a series of carbonate mineralization experiments were carried out by Bacillus lysine GW-2 strain and Arthrobacter aureus MF-2 strain respectively, and a series of aseptic control experiments were carried out at the same time. In the course of the experiment, the pH value, electric conductivity, bacterial quantity, exopolysaccharide, concentration of Ca 2 and mg 2 of low molecular weight organic acid, carbonic anhydrase and so on were dynamically monitored. The mineral morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the mineral composition was determined by X ray diffractometer. The main results are as follows: (1) both Lysine Bacillus GW-2 and Arthrobacter MF-2 have the ability to promote the formation of carbonate minerals. They can form carbonate minerals by using CO2 in air or CO2 produced by bacterial respiration. (2) the species and morphology of minerals formed under the action of GW-2 and MF-2 are different. With the extension of culture time, the evolution direction of the minerals induced by GW-2 strain was as follows: amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) carburite and high magnesium calcite, the mineral forms were dumbbell, cauliflower, globular, hemispherical, and the mineral morphology was mainly dumbbell, cauliflower, globular and hemispherical. The initial mineral induced by plate-shaped and irregular MF-2 strain was ACCand then transformed into high-magnesium calcite, which was mainly spherical, plate-shaped and irregular. (3) under the action of GW-2 strain, Carbamite may have been formed mainly by ACC aging, while carbocalite was demagnetized to form high magnesium calcite under the action of MF-2 strain. Magnesium calcite may be transformed directly by ACC. (4) the correlation coefficients of Ca 2 and mg 2 concentrations in conductivity and sediment mass were significantly negative correlation. The correlation coefficient r of GW-2 strain was 0.890.93 and 0.98 (P0.001) .MF-2, respectively. R was 0.860.89 and 0.92 (P0.001), respectively. The obvious decrease of Ca 2 and mg 2 concentration in conductivity may be used to indicate the occurrence of carbonate mineral precipitation. (5) the increase of pH provides the necessary physical and chemical environment for carbonate precipitation, which has a significant positive correlation with the mass of precipitate. Under the action of GW-2 and MF-2, there was a significant positive correlation between the average precipitation rate and the number of bacteria and extracellular polysaccharides. Under the action of GW-2, it was 0.67 and 0.62 (P0.05), and 0.64 and 0.61 under MF-2 (P0.05), respectively. These results suggest that bacterial cells and extracellular polysaccharides may affect the precipitation process of carbonate by template action. The above results are helpful to improve the understanding of the formation process of carbonate minerals under the action of bacteria and provide scientific basis for further elucidation of its mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P57;Q93
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