發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-20 17:21

【摘要】：許昌市是我國嚴(yán)重缺水城市之一,水資源緊缺嚴(yán)重制約著城市的發(fā)展建設(shè)。麥嶺水源地1993年正式向許昌市供水,緩解了許昌市嚴(yán)重缺水問題。2015年2月,許昌市南水北調(diào)配套工程正式通水,城市供水主要采用南水北調(diào)水源,麥嶺水源地被規(guī)劃為城市應(yīng)急備用水源地。麥嶺水源地處于埋藏型沖洪積扇(北汝河沖洪積平原)的中上游,地勢平坦,根據(jù)含水層的結(jié)構(gòu)特征,將含水層劃分為淺層及深層。淺層水與深層水之間普遍存在2~12m厚的粉質(zhì)黏土含姜石弱透水層,局部小于2m或大于15m,使二者水力聯(lián)系密切,在開采條件下二者越流明顯。深層含水層巖性為卵礫石層,厚度大,導(dǎo)水性和儲(chǔ)水性好,調(diào)蓄能力強(qiáng),是水源地的開采目的層。本文重點(diǎn)采用水均衡法和數(shù)值法計(jì)算評(píng)價(jià)地下水資源。根據(jù)水源地的水文地質(zhì)模型,建立地下水均衡方程,計(jì)算了各補(bǔ)給量、排泄量和均衡差,并與計(jì)算的儲(chǔ)存量變化量進(jìn)行比較,其多年均衡誤差均小于10%,說明所建立的均衡方程比較真實(shí)地反映了水源地的水文地質(zhì)條件,所確定的各項(xiàng)水文地質(zhì)參數(shù)合理可信。建立數(shù)學(xué)模型,運(yùn)用Visual ModFlow軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,利用長期觀測的水位動(dòng)態(tài)資料對(duì)模型進(jìn)行識(shí)別和驗(yàn)證,建立地下水流數(shù)值模型。根據(jù)水源地水文地質(zhì)條件和開采井布局,制定四種開發(fā)利用方案,并運(yùn)用所建立的數(shù)值模型對(duì)四種開發(fā)利用方案的地下水位和流場進(jìn)行預(yù)測,并對(duì)方案進(jìn)行綜合分析;分析結(jié)果表明開采井的布局及開采量的調(diào)控對(duì)水源地局部地下水位有較大的影響,優(yōu)化方案能有效的防止水源地西部地下水位下降過快,有助于更充分的開發(fā)深層水資源,并且對(duì)淺層水的影響較小,避免與農(nóng)業(yè)爭水產(chǎn)生矛盾,有利于地下水資源的合理開發(fā)利用。
[Abstract]:Xuchang is one of the cities with serious water shortage, which restricts the development and construction of the city. The Meiling Water Source area officially supplied water to Xuchang City in 1993, which alleviated the serious water shortage in Xuchang City. In February 2015, Xuchang City's South-to-North Water diversion Project officially opened water, and the urban water supply mainly used South-to-North Water transfer Water Source. The Mailing water source area is planned as the emergency water source of the city. The mailing water source is located in the upper and middle reaches of the buried alluvial fan (North Ruhe alluvial plain) with a flat topography. According to the structural characteristics of the aquifer, the aquifer is divided into shallow and deep layers. There is a weak permeable layer of silty clay with a thickness of 212m between shallow water and deep water. The local area is less than 2m or more than 15m, which makes the hydraulic relationship between them close, and the overflowing between them is obvious under mining conditions. The lithology of the deep aquifer is a gravel layer with large thickness, good water conductivity and water storage, and strong regulating and storing capacity, so it is the target layer for exploitation of water source. In this paper, water balance method and numerical method are used to calculate and evaluate groundwater resources. According to the hydrogeological model of water source, the equilibrium equation of groundwater is established, and the recharge, discharge and equilibrium difference are calculated, and compared with the calculated variation of storage capacity. The multiyear equilibrium error is less than 10, which shows that the established equilibrium equation truly reflects the hydrogeological conditions of the water source, and the hydrogeological parameters determined are reasonable and reliable. The mathematical model is established, the numerical simulation is carried out by using Visual ModFlow software, and the model is identified and verified by using the dynamic data of water level observed for a long time, and the numerical model of groundwater flow is established. According to the hydrogeological conditions of water source and the layout of production wells, four development and utilization schemes are formulated, and the groundwater level and flow field of the four development and utilization schemes are forecasted by using the established numerical model, and the schemes are comprehensively analyzed. The analysis results show that the layout of production wells and the regulation of exploitation amount have great influence on the local groundwater level of the water source, and the optimization scheme can effectively prevent the groundwater level from falling too fast in the western part of the water source, which is helpful to the development of deep water resources more fully. And it has little influence on shallow water, avoiding contradiction with agricultural water competition, which is beneficial to the rational development and utilization of groundwater resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北水利水電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P641.8

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本文編號(hào)：2134220