【摘要】：隨著人類社會邁入21世紀(jì),能源的開發(fā)與應(yīng)用已經(jīng)關(guān)系到日常生活的方方面面。而石油和天然氣,作為工業(yè)的“黃金血液”,在多種多樣的能源形式中仍占有重要的地位,其對國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、社會發(fā)展以及國防安全都有著不可估量的作用。經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展對石油和天然氣的需求與日俱增,也推動了油氣勘探在高新技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展,使得地球物理技術(shù)迅猛發(fā)展、地震地質(zhì)理論不斷推陳出新。復(fù)雜多變的地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)和艱苦的野外勘探環(huán)境給地震勘探采集、地震資料數(shù)據(jù)處理和地震資料解釋等一系列工作提出了嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。由于受到環(huán)境及儀器等因素的限制,采集的地震資料往往缺失很多重要信息,存在采樣不完整、高頻成分缺失等現(xiàn)象,無法滿足精細(xì)地震解釋處理技術(shù)的要求。本文從地震數(shù)據(jù)重建和地震信號拓頻這兩個方面提出重缺失地震信息重構(gòu)算法,從而解決地震數(shù)據(jù)采樣不完整和高頻成分缺失的問題,主要工作概括如下:1.對凸集投影算法(Projection onto convex sets,POCS)進(jìn)行改進(jìn):傳統(tǒng)的POCS算法具有實現(xiàn)原理簡單,插值重建效果好的優(yōu)點,但存在著計算效率低,算法收斂慢的缺陷。針對以上的不足,對傳統(tǒng)的POCS算法的閾值策略從閾值下降模型、閾值函數(shù)、迭代停止準(zhǔn)則三個角度提出相應(yīng)的改進(jìn)方案,同時結(jié)合前人的研究工作對傳統(tǒng)的POCS算法的實現(xiàn)流程進(jìn)行修正,精簡冗余的步驟,進(jìn)一步提高算法的計算效率。通過對合成數(shù)據(jù)和實際地震數(shù)據(jù)的仿真實驗,驗證POCS算法的有效性和普適性,并探索該方法在高維地震數(shù)據(jù)插值重建方面的應(yīng)用效果。2.提出一種空間相關(guān)的非平穩(wěn)地震信號拓頻方法:由于受到大地濾波作用和地層吸收作用的影響,地震信號高頻成分缺失嚴(yán)重,導(dǎo)致地震資料的分辨率較低。同時,地震信號作為一種短時、突變的非平穩(wěn)信號,其頻譜隨時間變化。針對地震信號的非平穩(wěn)特征,本文提出空間相關(guān)的非平穩(wěn)地震信號拓頻方法,該方法利用常用的時頻分析工具S變換,并結(jié)合地震吸收補(bǔ)償理論與空間多道統(tǒng)計思想,在有效地補(bǔ)償高頻成分,提高地震分辨率的同時,能夠很好保持地震信號橫向上的連續(xù)性。通過實際地震數(shù)據(jù)驗證該方法能夠達(dá)到預(yù)期的恢復(fù)高頻成分的目的。
[Abstract]:As the human society enters the 21st century, the development and application of energy have been related to every aspect of daily life. Oil and natural gas, as the "golden blood" of industry, still play an important role in various forms of energy, and play an inestimable role in national economic construction, social development and national defense security. With the rapid development of economy, the demand for oil and gas is increasing day by day, which also promotes the development of oil and gas exploration in the field of high and new technology, and makes the geophysical technology develop rapidly. The complex and changeable geological structure and the difficult field exploration environment pose a serious challenge to seismic exploration acquisition, seismic data processing and seismic data interpretation. Due to the limitation of environment and instruments, the collected seismic data often lack a lot of important information, such as incomplete sampling and lack of high-frequency components, which can not meet the requirements of fine seismic interpretation and processing technology. In this paper, an algorithm for reconstructing seismic information is proposed from the aspects of seismic data reconstruction and seismic signal continuation, so as to solve the problems of incomplete seismic data sampling and high frequency component loss. The main work is summarized as follows: 1. The projection onto convex projection algorithm (POCs) is improved: the traditional POCs algorithm has the advantages of simple implementation principle and good effect of interpolation reconstruction, but it has the defects of low computational efficiency and slow convergence. In view of the above shortcomings, the threshold strategy of the traditional POCs algorithm is improved from three aspects: threshold descending model, threshold function and iterative stopping criterion. At the same time, combined with the previous research work, the traditional POCs algorithm is modified, the redundant steps are simplified, and the computational efficiency of the algorithm is further improved. The validity and universality of POCs algorithm are verified by the simulation of synthetic data and actual seismic data, and the application effect of this method in interpolation reconstruction of high-dimensional seismic data is explored. In this paper, a spatial correlation method for frequency extension of non-stationary seismic signals is proposed. Due to the influence of earth filtering and stratigraphic absorption, the high frequency components of seismic signals are seriously missing, which leads to the low resolution of seismic data. At the same time, the frequency spectrum of seismic signal, as a kind of short-time and abrupt non-stationary signal, varies with time. In view of the non-stationary characteristics of seismic signals, this paper presents a spatially correlated method for frequency extension of non-stationary seismic signals. The method uses S-transform, a common time-frequency analysis tool, and combines the theory of seismic absorption compensation with the idea of spatial multichannel statistics. The high frequency component can be compensated effectively and the seismic resolution can be improved at the same time the horizontal continuity of seismic signal can be maintained. The actual seismic data show that the proposed method can achieve the desired recovery of high frequency components.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.4

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

1 劉喜武;年靜波;劉洪;;基于廣義S變換的地震波能量衰減分析[J];勘探地球物理進(jìn)展;2006年01期

2 陳學(xué)華;賀振華;;改進(jìn)的S變換及在地震信號處理中的應(yīng)用[J];數(shù)據(jù)采集與處理;2005年04期

3 崔樹果;朱凌燕;王建花;;f-x域Cadzow技術(shù)分塊壓制隨機(jī)噪聲及其應(yīng)用[J];石油物探;2012年01期

，

本文編號：2133794