氣候變化和人類活動影響下伊舒盆地地下水環(huán)境演化研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-18 10:56
【摘要】：隨著我國城市化、工業(yè)化進程加快,人類活動在地下水環(huán)境演化中的作用日趨變強。在人類活動的干擾下,原有的地下水環(huán)境演化模式遭到破壞,出現(xiàn)了一系列環(huán)境水文地質(zhì)問題,對生態(tài)環(huán)境和人類生存產(chǎn)生了極大的威脅。伊舒盆地位于吉林省中部,是吉林省重要的糧食生產(chǎn)基地和地下水源儲備基地,近年來,由于人類的不合理地開采和破壞,導致伊舒盆地地下水位不斷下降,水質(zhì)條件不斷惡化,地下水環(huán)境的演化正逐步從量變到質(zhì)變,進入新的地下水環(huán)境演化模式。目前對地下水環(huán)境演化模式的相關研究及文獻均鮮有報道,本文從伊舒盆地第四系地下水環(huán)境的演化規(guī)律研究入手,對地下水環(huán)境演化模式進行定義、分類以及定性和定量相結(jié)合的分析研究,為該地區(qū)未來作為長春、吉林等地的應急水源地提供科學依據(jù),也對當?shù)亟?jīng)濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展、地下水環(huán)境的改善、水資源的總體規(guī)劃等有著極其重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。本文依托中國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局項目“伊舒盆地水文地質(zhì)調(diào)查項目”(1212011089024),針對伊舒盆地第四系地下水環(huán)境在自然與人類活動雙因素影響下的地下水動力場和地下水水化學場演化規(guī)律及演化模式展開專題研究。通過野外調(diào)查試驗和室內(nèi)數(shù)據(jù)分析研究相結(jié)合,以水文地質(zhì)學、地質(zhì)統(tǒng)計學和數(shù)理統(tǒng)計學等多學科理論為指導,應用Map GIS空間分析等技術方法和手段,揭示伊舒盆地地下水環(huán)境的演化特征和規(guī)律,并在此基礎上對研究區(qū)地下水環(huán)境演化模式進行綜合分析。主要研究成果如下:1.地下水動力場時空演化特征(1)地下水位演化特征�；谝巴馑牡刭|(zhì)調(diào)查以及長期地下水水位動態(tài)監(jiān)測資料,繪制了地下水位埋深動態(tài)曲線、水位埋深時空分區(qū)圖以及水位變化幅度時空分區(qū)圖,結(jié)果表明:研究區(qū)地下水位隨時間變化總體呈現(xiàn)持續(xù)下降的趨勢,潛水和承壓水埋深變幅差異較大,其中樺皮廠-孤店子以及莫里青鄉(xiāng)—伊通縣一帶井灌區(qū)水位埋深變幅較大,超過6m。1980~1997年水位下降幅度相對較大,1997~2014年地下水位變化幅度變小,局部地區(qū)出現(xiàn)水位回升。潛水水位埋深時空變化受氣候變化影響更為顯著,承壓水水位埋深時空變化受人工開采影響較為顯著。(2)地下水量演化特征。運用水量均衡法對研究區(qū)地下水資源量的計算和分析結(jié)果表明:地下水資源量隨時間的變化趨勢與降水同步,多年平均地下水資源量為41419.68×104m3/a,其中大氣降水入滲補給量占總資源量的80%;各流域地下水資源模數(shù)的排列順序為東遼河流域伊通河流域飲馬河流域拉林河流域松花江干流流域。研究區(qū)地下水資源量演化主要受氣候變化影響。(3)地下水循環(huán)條件演化特征。通過對地下水循環(huán)條件的演化分析得出,天然條件下,地下水主要補給來源為大氣降水,排泄方式以河流和蒸發(fā)為主;隨著人工開采地下水加劇,人工開采成為主要的排泄方式。2.地下水化學場時空演化特征(1)地下水化學類型演化特征。采用舒卡列夫分類方法繪制了地下水化學類型時空分布圖,結(jié)果表明:1980~1990年代主要為HCO3-Ca型水,基本符合天然水化學場的分布特征;2000年代受到人類活動強烈干擾,類型分布表現(xiàn)為復雜化,且潛水的水化學類型比承壓水更加復雜多樣。(2)地下水化學組分演化特征。根據(jù)地下水水質(zhì)動態(tài)監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)繪制了礦化度、總硬度和硝酸鹽年際動態(tài)變化曲線以及各年代時空分布圖,結(jié)果表明:礦化度、總硬度和NO3--N從1984~2014年變化波動性較大,整體呈逐漸增高的趨勢變化,但總體在地下水質(zhì)量Ⅲ類標準范圍內(nèi),其中個別地區(qū)潛水中NO3--N有超標現(xiàn)象。(3)地下水質(zhì)量演化特征。采用免疫進化算法優(yōu)化的地下水水質(zhì)評價公式,計算得出地下水水質(zhì)綜合污染指數(shù)WQI值,并分別繪制各年代的水質(zhì)時空分布圖,結(jié)果表明:研究區(qū)地下水水質(zhì)從1980~2000年代,地下水質(zhì)整體優(yōu)于Ⅲ類水,僅有個別區(qū)域出現(xiàn)Ⅳ、Ⅴ類水,且承壓水水質(zhì)稍微優(yōu)于潛水水質(zhì)。3.地下水環(huán)境演化模式(1)依據(jù)研究區(qū)地下水環(huán)境演化規(guī)律的研究,提出了地下水環(huán)境演化模式的定義,并根據(jù)自然因素和人類活動的影響程度的不同,將地下水環(huán)境演化模式分為5種:(1)自然因素主導的演化模式—模式Ⅰ;(2)自然為主、人類為輔的演化模式—模式Ⅱ;(3)自然、人類作用相同的演化模式—模式Ⅲ;(4)人類為主、自然為輔的演化模式—模式Ⅳ;(5)人類活動主導的演化模式—模式Ⅴ。地下水環(huán)境演化模式的提出為未來地下水的合理開發(fā)利用提供科學依據(jù)。(2)本研究區(qū)涉及五個流域,采用灰色關聯(lián)法分別對氣候變化和人類活動與地下水環(huán)境之間的關系進行相關性分析,在此基礎上定性分析了各流域的地下水環(huán)境演化模式:1980~1989年全區(qū)基本表現(xiàn)出自然為主、人類為輔的演化模式Ⅱ,1990~1999年飲馬河流域和東遼河流域為模式Ⅱ,其他流域表現(xiàn)為自然、人類作用相同的演化模式Ⅲ;2000~2014年除拉林河流域改善為演化模式Ⅱ,其他流域均為演化模式Ⅲ。(3)為了進一步定量化研究伊舒盆地地下水環(huán)境演化模式,依據(jù)建立的地下水環(huán)境演化模式評價體系,結(jié)合疊置指數(shù)法、模糊層次分析法以及Map GIS軟件對研究區(qū)三個時期地下水環(huán)境演化模式進行定量的綜合計算,并繪制了地下水環(huán)境演化模式時空分布圖,結(jié)果表明:1980~1990年代研究區(qū)均以自然為主、人類為輔的演化模式—模式Ⅱ為主,小范圍區(qū)域表現(xiàn)為自然、人類作用相同的演化模式Ⅲ;2000~2014年以模式Ⅱ和模式Ⅲ為主,小范圍地區(qū)出現(xiàn)人類為主、自然為輔的演化模式Ⅳ;研究區(qū)還未出現(xiàn)人類活動主導的演化模式—模式Ⅴ。通過對研究區(qū)地下水環(huán)境演化模式的研究,合理規(guī)劃人類活動強度,協(xié)調(diào)好人類、自然與地下水環(huán)境的關系,為地下水的可持續(xù)開發(fā)利用奠定基礎。
[Abstract]:With the urbanization of China and the accelerated process of industrialization, the role of human activities in the evolution of groundwater environment is becoming stronger and stronger. Under the interference of human activities, the original groundwater environment evolution model has been destroyed, and a series of environmental hydrogeological problems have emerged, which have produced a great threat to the ecological environment and human survival. In the middle of Jilin Province, it is an important grain production base and underground water reserve base in Jilin province. In recent years, due to the unreasonable exploitation and destruction of human beings, the water level of the Yishu basin is declining and the water quality is deteriorating. The evolution of the groundwater environment is gradually changing from quantity to qualitative change and entering a new model of groundwater environment evolution. In this paper, the evolution pattern of groundwater environment in the Quaternary System of Yishu basin is studied, and the groundwater environment evolution model is defined, classified and analyzed by qualitative and quantitative analysis in this paper, for the future as an emergency water source in Changchun, Jilin and other places. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to the sustainable development of the local economy, the improvement of the groundwater environment and the overall planning of the water resources. This paper, based on the project of the Yishu basin hydrogeological survey (1212011089024), is based on the project of the China Geological Survey, which aims at the groundwater environment in the Quaternary System of Yishu basin. Under the influence of the two factors of human activities, the groundwater dynamic field and the evolution pattern of groundwater chemical field are studied. Through the combination of field investigation and indoor data analysis, the theory of hydrogeology, geostatistics and mathematical statistics is guided by the theory of hydrogeology, geostatistics and mathematical statistics, and Map GIS space analysis and other techniques are applied. Methods and means to reveal the evolution characteristics and laws of the groundwater environment in the Yishu basin, and on this basis, the groundwater environment evolution model of the study area is synthetically analyzed. The main research results are as follows: 1. the characteristics of spatio-temporal evolution of groundwater dynamic field (1) groundwater level evolution characteristics, based on field hydrogeological survey and long-term groundwater water With the dynamic monitoring data, the dynamic curves of the groundwater depth, the spatial and temporal zoning map of the water level and the spatial and temporal zoning of the water level change amplitude are drawn. The results show that the groundwater level in the study area tends to decrease with time, and the dive and the buried depth variation are different, among them the birch factory solitsu and Mori Qing Township The depth of water level in the well irrigated area in Yitong county is relatively large, and the level of water level is relatively larger in more than 6m.1980~1997 years. The change range of groundwater level in 1997~2014 is smaller and the water level of the local area rises. The spatial and temporal changes of the depth of the water level of the diving water level are more affected by the climate change. The time and space of the water level of the water level of the water level is influenced by the artificial mining. It is significant. (2) the characteristics of groundwater evolution. The calculation and analysis of groundwater resources in the study area by water balance method show that the variation trend of groundwater resources with time is synchronized with the precipitation, and the average groundwater resources are 41419.68 x 104m3/a for many years, and the amount of water infiltration in the atmosphere is 80% of the total resources. The sequence of water resources modulus is the Songhua River main stream basin of the LLIN River Basin of the Yitong River Basin in the Yitong River Basin of the East Liaohe River Basin. The evolution of the groundwater resources in the study area is mainly influenced by the climate change. (3) the evolution of groundwater circulation conditions. The source is atmospheric precipitation, the way of drainage is mainly River and evaporation; with the intensification of artificial exploitation of groundwater, artificial exploitation is the main discharge way of.2. groundwater chemical field (1) evolution characteristics of groundwater chemical type. The spatial and temporal distribution map of groundwater chemical type is drawn by Shug Kalev classification method. 1980~1990 age is mainly HCO3-Ca type water, which basically conforms to the distribution characteristics of natural water chemical field; in 2000s, it is strongly disturbed by human activities, and the type distribution is complex, and the hydrochemical type of the diving is more complex and diverse than the pressure water. (2) the evolution characteristics of the chemical composition of the groundwater. The mineralization degree, the total hardness and the interannual dynamic variation curve of nitrate and the spatial and temporal distribution chart of each age show that the salinity, the total hardness and NO3--N fluctuate from 1984~2014 years, and the whole trend is increasing gradually, but the total in the standard range of groundwater quality III, of which the NO3--N in a few areas has exceeded the standard. (3) the characteristics of groundwater quality evolution. Using the formula of groundwater quality evaluation optimized by immune evolutionary algorithm, the WQI value of groundwater quality comprehensive pollution index is calculated, and the water quality time and space distribution map of each age is drawn. The results show that the groundwater quality in the study area is from 1980~ in 2000s, and the groundwater quality is better than type III water in the whole. Region IV, V type water, and the water quality of confined water is slightly better than the water quality.3. groundwater environment evolution model (1), based on the study of the groundwater environment evolution law in the study area, the definition of groundwater environment evolution model is put forward, and the groundwater environment evolution model is divided into 5 according to the difference of natural factors and human activities. Species: (1) the evolution pattern dominated by natural factors - mode I; (2) natural mainly, human assisted evolution model - Model II; (3) nature, the same evolutionary model of human action - model III; (4) human dominated, natural auxiliary evolution mode - model IV; (5) human activity dominated evolution model v. Groundwater environment evolution model. It provides a scientific basis for the rational exploitation and utilization of groundwater in the future. (2) five basins are involved in this study area, and the relationship between climate change and human activity and groundwater environment is analyzed by the grey correlation method. On the basis of this, the groundwater environment evolution model of each basin is qualitatively analyzed in 1980~1989 years. The region basically shows the evolution model of nature mainly and human being auxiliary, the model II in 1990~1999 and the East Liaohe River Basin, the other basins are natural and the human function is the same evolution model III; in 2000~2014, the improvement of the Lilin river basin is the evolution model II, and its basin is the evolution model III. (3) for further quantitative analysis. The groundwater environment evolution model of Yishu basin is studied. Based on the established evaluation system of groundwater environment evolution model, the groundwater environment evolution model of three periods in the three period of the study area is calculated by the combination of superposition index method, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and GIS software, and the spatio-temporal distribution pattern of groundwater environment evolution model is drawn. The results show that the research areas in the 1980~1990 years are dominated by nature, with human being as the auxiliary evolution model - Model II, the small area is natural and the human action is the same evolution model III; 2000~2014 is dominated by mode II and mode III, and the small area has human dominated and natural auxiliary evolution model IV; the research area has not yet come out yet. The evolution mode dominated by human activities - model v. Through the study of the groundwater environment evolution model in the study area, it is reasonable to plan the human activity intensity, coordinate the relationship between human, natural and groundwater environment, and lay the foundation for the sustainable exploitation and utilization of groundwater.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P467;P641
，
本文編號：2131689
[Abstract]:With the urbanization of China and the accelerated process of industrialization, the role of human activities in the evolution of groundwater environment is becoming stronger and stronger. Under the interference of human activities, the original groundwater environment evolution model has been destroyed, and a series of environmental hydrogeological problems have emerged, which have produced a great threat to the ecological environment and human survival. In the middle of Jilin Province, it is an important grain production base and underground water reserve base in Jilin province. In recent years, due to the unreasonable exploitation and destruction of human beings, the water level of the Yishu basin is declining and the water quality is deteriorating. The evolution of the groundwater environment is gradually changing from quantity to qualitative change and entering a new model of groundwater environment evolution. In this paper, the evolution pattern of groundwater environment in the Quaternary System of Yishu basin is studied, and the groundwater environment evolution model is defined, classified and analyzed by qualitative and quantitative analysis in this paper, for the future as an emergency water source in Changchun, Jilin and other places. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to the sustainable development of the local economy, the improvement of the groundwater environment and the overall planning of the water resources. This paper, based on the project of the Yishu basin hydrogeological survey (1212011089024), is based on the project of the China Geological Survey, which aims at the groundwater environment in the Quaternary System of Yishu basin. Under the influence of the two factors of human activities, the groundwater dynamic field and the evolution pattern of groundwater chemical field are studied. Through the combination of field investigation and indoor data analysis, the theory of hydrogeology, geostatistics and mathematical statistics is guided by the theory of hydrogeology, geostatistics and mathematical statistics, and Map GIS space analysis and other techniques are applied. Methods and means to reveal the evolution characteristics and laws of the groundwater environment in the Yishu basin, and on this basis, the groundwater environment evolution model of the study area is synthetically analyzed. The main research results are as follows: 1. the characteristics of spatio-temporal evolution of groundwater dynamic field (1) groundwater level evolution characteristics, based on field hydrogeological survey and long-term groundwater water With the dynamic monitoring data, the dynamic curves of the groundwater depth, the spatial and temporal zoning map of the water level and the spatial and temporal zoning of the water level change amplitude are drawn. The results show that the groundwater level in the study area tends to decrease with time, and the dive and the buried depth variation are different, among them the birch factory solitsu and Mori Qing Township The depth of water level in the well irrigated area in Yitong county is relatively large, and the level of water level is relatively larger in more than 6m.1980~1997 years. The change range of groundwater level in 1997~2014 is smaller and the water level of the local area rises. The spatial and temporal changes of the depth of the water level of the diving water level are more affected by the climate change. The time and space of the water level of the water level of the water level is influenced by the artificial mining. It is significant. (2) the characteristics of groundwater evolution. The calculation and analysis of groundwater resources in the study area by water balance method show that the variation trend of groundwater resources with time is synchronized with the precipitation, and the average groundwater resources are 41419.68 x 104m3/a for many years, and the amount of water infiltration in the atmosphere is 80% of the total resources. The sequence of water resources modulus is the Songhua River main stream basin of the LLIN River Basin of the Yitong River Basin in the Yitong River Basin of the East Liaohe River Basin. The evolution of the groundwater resources in the study area is mainly influenced by the climate change. (3) the evolution of groundwater circulation conditions. The source is atmospheric precipitation, the way of drainage is mainly River and evaporation; with the intensification of artificial exploitation of groundwater, artificial exploitation is the main discharge way of.2. groundwater chemical field (1) evolution characteristics of groundwater chemical type. The spatial and temporal distribution map of groundwater chemical type is drawn by Shug Kalev classification method. 1980~1990 age is mainly HCO3-Ca type water, which basically conforms to the distribution characteristics of natural water chemical field; in 2000s, it is strongly disturbed by human activities, and the type distribution is complex, and the hydrochemical type of the diving is more complex and diverse than the pressure water. (2) the evolution characteristics of the chemical composition of the groundwater. The mineralization degree, the total hardness and the interannual dynamic variation curve of nitrate and the spatial and temporal distribution chart of each age show that the salinity, the total hardness and NO3--N fluctuate from 1984~2014 years, and the whole trend is increasing gradually, but the total in the standard range of groundwater quality III, of which the NO3--N in a few areas has exceeded the standard. (3) the characteristics of groundwater quality evolution. Using the formula of groundwater quality evaluation optimized by immune evolutionary algorithm, the WQI value of groundwater quality comprehensive pollution index is calculated, and the water quality time and space distribution map of each age is drawn. The results show that the groundwater quality in the study area is from 1980~ in 2000s, and the groundwater quality is better than type III water in the whole. Region IV, V type water, and the water quality of confined water is slightly better than the water quality.3. groundwater environment evolution model (1), based on the study of the groundwater environment evolution law in the study area, the definition of groundwater environment evolution model is put forward, and the groundwater environment evolution model is divided into 5 according to the difference of natural factors and human activities. Species: (1) the evolution pattern dominated by natural factors - mode I; (2) natural mainly, human assisted evolution model - Model II; (3) nature, the same evolutionary model of human action - model III; (4) human dominated, natural auxiliary evolution mode - model IV; (5) human activity dominated evolution model v. Groundwater environment evolution model. It provides a scientific basis for the rational exploitation and utilization of groundwater in the future. (2) five basins are involved in this study area, and the relationship between climate change and human activity and groundwater environment is analyzed by the grey correlation method. On the basis of this, the groundwater environment evolution model of each basin is qualitatively analyzed in 1980~1989 years. The region basically shows the evolution model of nature mainly and human being auxiliary, the model II in 1990~1999 and the East Liaohe River Basin, the other basins are natural and the human function is the same evolution model III; in 2000~2014, the improvement of the Lilin river basin is the evolution model II, and its basin is the evolution model III. (3) for further quantitative analysis. The groundwater environment evolution model of Yishu basin is studied. Based on the established evaluation system of groundwater environment evolution model, the groundwater environment evolution model of three periods in the three period of the study area is calculated by the combination of superposition index method, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and GIS software, and the spatio-temporal distribution pattern of groundwater environment evolution model is drawn. The results show that the research areas in the 1980~1990 years are dominated by nature, with human being as the auxiliary evolution model - Model II, the small area is natural and the human action is the same evolution model III; 2000~2014 is dominated by mode II and mode III, and the small area has human dominated and natural auxiliary evolution model IV; the research area has not yet come out yet. The evolution mode dominated by human activities - model v. Through the study of the groundwater environment evolution model in the study area, it is reasonable to plan the human activity intensity, coordinate the relationship between human, natural and groundwater environment, and lay the foundation for the sustainable exploitation and utilization of groundwater.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P467;P641
，
本文編號：2131689
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