本文選題：賀蘭口巖畫 + 微觀特征��； 參考：《寧夏大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：賀蘭口巖畫屬于不可移動的,永久暴露于室外的石質(zhì)文物。由于自然環(huán)境以及動植物的各種活動導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的破壞,包括巖畫表面的殘損、風(fēng)化剝蝕以及由于多種原因產(chǎn)生的危巖塊體。為此,本文以賀蘭口巖畫為研究對象,在對巖畫區(qū)進(jìn)行調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,首先對巖石材料基本微觀特性以及物理性質(zhì)進(jìn)行分析和測定,得到了巖石密度、孔隙率、吸水率等物理性質(zhì)和各組成元素的含量以及巖畫巖石材料的微觀形貌：通過巖石材料的間接拉伸試驗(yàn)(巴西劈裂法)、單軸壓縮試驗(yàn)、常規(guī)三軸壓縮試驗(yàn)和直接剪切試驗(yàn),初次得到了賀蘭口巖畫巖石的各項(xiàng)力學(xué)參數(shù)以及變形破壞特性；通過對“驢羊圖”、“手印圖”和“石坡巖畫群”巖畫附近典型危巖體的穩(wěn)定性分析,獲得危巖體穩(wěn)定性與否的結(jié)論。分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：(1)巖石樣品的密度較高,孔隙率、吸水率較低；組成元素中O和Si元素的含量最高,得出巖石樣品主要碎屑為石英；表面不進(jìn)行處理的巖石樣品風(fēng)化現(xiàn)象十分明顯,表現(xiàn)為巖樣表面顆粒排布不規(guī)則,結(jié)構(gòu)散亂,微裂隙發(fā)育較多；而鉆取的巖芯表面顆粒排布則相對規(guī)整,裂隙發(fā)育相對不明顯,力學(xué)強(qiáng)度也較高。(2)對巖石材料進(jìn)行間接拉伸(巴西劈裂法)、單軸壓縮、常規(guī)三軸壓縮和單面的直接剪切試驗(yàn),獲得巖石樣品的平均抗拉強(qiáng)度為5.6MPa,平均單軸抗壓強(qiáng)度190MPa,泊松比0.286左右,平均彈性模量42.99GPa,粘聚力和內(nèi)摩擦角的值分別為40.66MPa和48.220。試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了微觀特性對巖石材料強(qiáng)度較高的預(yù)測。三軸壓縮試驗(yàn)獲得巖樣的三軸壓縮應(yīng)力應(yīng)變曲線,曲線可以被劃分為四個階段,即彈性變形階段、塑性階段和破壞階段以及殘余強(qiáng)度階段。巖石的抗剪強(qiáng)度曲線即剪切應(yīng)力與垂直應(yīng)力曲線的相關(guān)系數(shù)R2為0.9861,說明兩個應(yīng)力的線性關(guān)系密切,即隨著軸壓的增大,剪切破壞荷載基本認(rèn)為是按線性關(guān)系增大,剪切—位移曲線也越陡。(3)對賀蘭口巖畫溝口的三處巖畫：“手印圖”、“驢羊圖”和“石坡巖畫群”附近的典型危巖體進(jìn)行穩(wěn)定性的計(jì)算,發(fā)現(xiàn)三處危巖體除“石坡巖畫群”附近危巖體狀態(tài)尚不夠明確外,其余兩處都處于比較安全的情況。本文的研究成果可為賀蘭口巖畫的保護(hù)工作有指導(dǎo)性的意見。
[Abstract]:Helankou rock paintings are immovable, permanently exposed to outdoor stone relics. Due to the natural environment and various activities of animals and plants leading to serious damage, including rock painting surface damage, weathering denudation, and because of a variety of reasons resulting in dangerous rock blocks. Therefore, this paper takes Helankou rock painting as the research object, on the basis of the investigation of the rock painting area, analyzes and measures the basic microscopic and physical properties of the rock material, and obtains the density and porosity of the rock. Physical properties such as water absorption, content of elements and microscopic morphology of rock painting materials: through indirect tensile test of rock materials (Brazilian splitting method), uniaxial compression test, conventional triaxial compression test and direct shear test, The mechanical parameters and deformation and failure characteristics of rock in Helankou rock painting are obtained for the first time, and the stability analysis of typical dangerous rock mass near "donkey sheep map", "handprint map" and "Shipo rock painting group" is carried out. The conclusion of stability of dangerous rock mass is obtained. The results show that: (1) the density, porosity and water absorption of rock samples are high, the contents of O and Si elements are the highest, it is concluded that the main detritus of rock samples is quartz, and the weathering phenomenon of untreated rock samples is very obvious. The results show that the grain distribution on the rock surface is irregular, the structure is scattered, and the microcracks are more developed, while the core surface grain distribution is relatively regular, and the fracture development is relatively not obvious. The mechanical strength is also relatively high. (2) indirect tensile (Brazilian splitting), uniaxial compression, conventional triaxial compression and uniaxial direct shear tests for rock materials, The average tensile strength of rock samples is 5.6 MPA, the average uniaxial compressive strength is 190MPa, the Poisson's ratio is about 0.286, the average elastic modulus is 42.99GPa. the values of cohesion and internal friction angle are 40.66MPa and 48.220, respectively. The prediction of the strength of rock material by microcosmic characteristics is verified by the experiment. The triaxial compression stress-strain curves of rock samples are obtained by triaxial compression test. The curves can be divided into four stages: elastic deformation stage, plastic stage and failure stage, and residual strength stage. The correlation coefficient R2 of shear stress curve and vertical stress curve is 0.9861, which indicates that the linear relationship between the two stresses is close, that is, with the increase of axial compression, the shear failure load is assumed to increase linearly. The shear-displacement curve is also steeper. (3) the stability of the typical dangerous rock mass near the gully of Helankou rock painting, such as "handprint map", "donkey sheep map" and "Shipo rock painting group", is calculated. It is found that the three dangerous rock masses are in relatively safe condition except for the dangerous rock mass near Shipo rock painting group which is not clear enough. The research results of this paper can be used as guidance for the protection of Helankou rock paintings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU45

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