發(fā)布時間：2018-06-23 13:21

  本文選題：泥石流 + 次聲��； 參考：《山東科技大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：泥石流是一種分布廣泛、發(fā)生頻繁的自然災(zāi)害,常見于山區(qū),具有來勢猛、破壞性強等特點,對山區(qū)人民的生命財產(chǎn)安全和自然生態(tài)環(huán)境造成巨大的威脅。實現(xiàn)泥石流動態(tài)監(jiān)測,對于防災(zāi)減災(zāi)具有重要意義。已有的泥石流監(jiān)測方法存在著響應(yīng)慢、誤報漏報率高等缺陷,因此,本文設(shè)計了一種基于次聲的泥石流監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。次聲波具有頻率低、衰減慢、穿透力強等特性,可以在很遠距離外被監(jiān)測到。在泥石流孕育發(fā)展和發(fā)生的過程中,由于巖土斷裂、擠壓和摩擦以及泥石流流動與河床碰撞、摩擦,都會產(chǎn)生次聲波。根據(jù)泥石流這種次聲特性,建立次聲監(jiān)測站點,實現(xiàn)泥石流遠距離監(jiān)測,在泥石流到來前通過接受到的次聲信號判斷災(zāi)害的發(fā)生,發(fā)出預警,為災(zāi)害防護贏得寶貴時間�；谏鲜鲈�,本文設(shè)計了泥石流次聲監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)包括次聲傳感器、數(shù)據(jù)采集傳輸儀及其配套設(shè)備、服務(wù)器和計算機,數(shù)據(jù)采集傳輸儀將傳感器采集到的次聲信號轉(zhuǎn)化為數(shù)字信號并傳輸?shù)竭h端服務(wù)器上,計算機從服務(wù)器中調(diào)用數(shù)據(jù)進行信號處理和分析,對受災(zāi)地區(qū)進行實時監(jiān)測。在泥石流定位方面,首次將PMCC聲源定位法應(yīng)用到監(jiān)測分析系統(tǒng)中,定位實驗驗證了 PMCC法的可行性。通過泥石流滑動模擬實驗,得到具有一定特性的次聲信號,通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn)泥石流開始滑動時產(chǎn)生的次聲信號主要集中在0.5～12.5Hz。根據(jù)泥石流和滑坡孕育發(fā)展的規(guī)律可知:流滑體內(nèi)部裂紋擴展的次聲信號頻率主要集中在12.5Hz左右;滑移面處顆粒間錯動和摩擦產(chǎn)生的次聲信號頻率主要集中在0.5～6Hz。泥石流滑動模擬實驗得到的兩種特征信號,可以作為災(zāi)害監(jiān)測的重要參考。
[Abstract]:Debris flow (debris flow) is a kind of natural disaster which is widely distributed and occurs frequently. It is common in mountain area and has the characteristics of fierce coming and strong destructive. It poses a great threat to the safety of people's life and property and the natural ecological environment of mountain area. The realization of debris flow dynamic monitoring is of great significance for disaster prevention and mitigation. The existing methods of debris flow monitoring have some defects, such as slow response and high false alarm rate. Therefore, a monitoring system of debris flow based on infrasound is designed in this paper. Infrasound is characterized by low frequency, slow attenuation and strong penetration. In the process of development and occurrence of debris flow infrasonic waves are produced due to rock and soil fracture compression and friction as well as collision and friction between debris flow and river bed. According to the infrasound characteristic of debris flow, the infrasound monitoring station is established to realize the remote monitoring of debris flow. Before the arrival of debris flow, the occurrence of disaster is judged by the received infrasound signal, and the early warning is issued, which gains valuable time for disaster protection. Based on the above principle, this paper designs the infrasound monitoring system of debris flow. The system includes infrasound sensor, data acquisition and transmission instrument and its supporting equipment, server and computer. The infrasound signal collected by the sensor is converted into digital signal and transmitted to the remote server. The computer calls the data from the server for signal processing and analysis to monitor the affected area in real time. In the aspect of debris flow location, PMCC sound source location method is applied to the monitoring and analysis system for the first time. The feasibility of PMCC method is verified by the localization experiment. The infrasound signal with certain characteristics is obtained by the simulation experiment of debris flow sliding. It is found that the infrasound signal produced when the debris flow begins to slide is mainly concentrated in 0.5 ~ 12.5Hz. According to the rules of debris flow and landslide development, the infrasonic signal frequency of crack propagation in fluid slip is mainly about 12.5 Hz, and the frequency of infrasonic signal produced by interparticle dislocation and friction at slip plane is mainly 0.5 ~ 6 Hz. The two characteristic signals of debris flow sliding simulation can be used as an important reference for disaster monitoring.
【學位授予單位】：山東科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P642.23

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本文編號：2057250