本文選題：風化殼巖溶 + 縫洞型儲集體�。� 參考：《西南石油大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：海相碳酸鹽巖油氣藏,是全球油氣勘探不斷取得重大突破的最重要領域。塔北輪南奧陶系碳酸鹽巖油氣藏,是由構造運動與潛山風化殼巖溶共同作用、聯(lián)合形成的的縫洞型油氣藏。位于輪南古潛山的輪古15區(qū)塊奧陶系油氣藏,就是該類以風化殼溶洞為主要儲集空間、裂縫作為滲流通道、溶蝕孔隙為輔助儲滲空間、低孔低滲的基質巖塊為阻隔的特殊類型碳酸鹽巖油氣藏。論文在輪古15區(qū)塊奧陶系碳酸鹽巖縫洞儲集體識別與參數特征分析的基礎上,結合巖心、薄片、測井、地震資料進行縫洞型儲集體特征的精細描述與縫洞型儲集體相關控制因素的分析討論,并結合地震資料對縫洞儲集體平面分布進行了預測。主要取得以下幾點的成果認識。 (1)輪古15區(qū)塊中下奧陶統(tǒng)鷹山組碳酸鹽巖儲集體,是由風化殼巖溶作用形成的縫洞型儲集體,該類儲集體主要為由巖溶洞穴、溶蝕裂縫和溶蝕孔隙三大類型的儲集空間復合而構成的。利用巖心、常規(guī)測井、成像測井、鉆錄井、地震等方面資料,對洞穴、孔隙、裂縫等儲集空間進行了綜合識別。洞穴在FMI成像測井上表現為暗色斑狀、在鉆錄井中出現放空漏失及在地震反射上出現串珠狀發(fā)射特征,其充填物可由塌積、化學沉淀及機械沉積組成。孔隙在FMI成像測井上常表現為密集的斑點狀。裂縫有構造裂縫、溶蝕裂縫和成巖縫之分,單井面縫率0.28%～2.03%,平均0.85%。 (2)研究區(qū)鷹山組儲集巖基質平均孔隙度1.23%,平均滲透率為0.23×10-3gm2,屬于低孔低滲特征,對儲層及油氣產出貢獻較大的為洞穴及裂縫。根據縫洞儲集體及其充填物特征,劃分出了風化殼披蓋沉積物相、風化殼巖溶洞穴相、風化殼巖溶孔洞相、風化殼巖溶裂縫相、圍巖致密相五個儲集相及14個儲集亞相和22個儲集微相。 (3)在縱向上,分別從洞穴型、裂縫-孔洞型、裂縫型儲體對單井儲集體發(fā)育特征進行解剖分析。在橫向上,在距風化殼頂1OOm以內的范圍儲層比較發(fā)育,儲層發(fā)育呈兩-三套,橫向連續(xù)性較好。儲層厚度醉著深度的增加而減小,連續(xù)性變差,在風化殼100m以下的儲層大多多呈點狀分布。 (4)風化殼巖溶及不同地貌下的巖溶殘丘是儲集體發(fā)育的關鍵。論文根據巖溶殘丘面積、殘丘幅度、殘丘長寬比、單井縫洞特征等共劃分出各類殘丘252個。裂縫集中發(fā)育帶影響并控制了溶蝕孔洞帶與巖溶洞穴發(fā)育與分布,輪古15區(qū)塊大多數井都在多組裂縫密集交匯處的鷹山組地層鉆遇溶洞,其單井洞穴鉆遇率高達92.11%。 (5)平面上,縫洞型儲層高值區(qū)在輪古433井、輪古903井、輪古15-8井和輪古15-21井附近；裂縫型儲層沿著斷裂鉆遇率均有高值,在輪古15-11井、輪古15-4井和輪古15-20井最發(fā)育；孔洞型儲集體整體鉆遇率不高。研究區(qū)有利縫洞型儲集體主要分布在巖溶殘丘及與斷層、裂縫疊合發(fā)育區(qū)。
[Abstract]:Marine carbonate reservoir is the most important field of global oil and gas exploration. The carbonate reservoir of Ordovician system in the north of Tarim Basin is a fracture-cavity type oil and gas reservoir formed by the joint action of tectonic movement and karst weathering crust of buried hill. The Ordovician oil and gas reservoirs in Lungu 15 block located in Lungnan buried hill are those with weathered crust caverns as the main reservoir space, fractures as the percolation passage, and the dissolution pores as the auxiliary storage and permeability spaces. The matrix block with low porosity and low permeability is a special type of carbonate reservoir. On the basis of reservoir identification and parameter analysis of Ordovician carbonate fractures and cavities in Lungu 15 block, the paper combines core, thin slice, logging, The fine description of the characteristics of the fracture-cavity reservoir and the analysis and discussion of the relevant controlling factors of the fissure-cavern reservoir are carried out, and the plane distribution of the fracture-cavern reservoir is predicted by combining the seismic data. The carbonate reservoir of Yingshan formation in middle and lower Ordovician is a fracture-cavernous reservoir formed by weathering crust karstification, which is mainly composed of karst caves. The three types of reservoir space are composed of the dissolution fracture and the dissolved pore. Based on core, conventional logging, imaging logging, drilling logging and seismic data, the reservoir spaces such as caves, pores and fractures are comprehensively identified. The cave shows dark color spot in FMI imaging logging, the hole is leaking in drilling and logging, and the bead emission is observed on seismic reflection. The filling can be composed of collapse, chemical precipitation and mechanical deposition. The pores in FMI imaging logging often show dense spots. The fractures include structural fractures, dissolved fractures and diagenetic fractures. The single well surface fracture rate is 0.28% and 2.03, with an average of 0.85. 2) the average porosity and permeability of the reservoir matrix of Yingshan formation in the study area is 1.23 and 0.23 脳 10-3m-2, which is characterized by low porosity and low permeability. Caverns and fractures contribute a lot to reservoir and oil and gas production. According to the characteristics of fracture cavern reservoir and its backfill, the sedimentary facies of weathering crust cover, karst cave facies of weathering crust, karst pore facies of weathering crust and karst crack facies of weathering crust are divided. Five reservoir facies, 14 reservoir subfacies and 22 reservoir microfacies in surrounding rock are anatomically analyzed from cave type, fissure-hole type and fracture type reservoir to single well reservoir development in longitudinally. Horizontally, the reservoir is developed within 1OOm from the top of the weathering crust, with two to three sets of reservoir development and good horizontal continuity. The thickness of reservoir decreases with the increase of depth, and the continuity becomes worse. The large reservoirs below 100 m of weathering crust are distributed in the shape of points. 4) Karst of weathering crust and karst residual hills under different geomorphology are the key to reservoir development. According to the area of karst residual mound, the amplitude of residual mound, the ratio of length to width of residual mound, and the characteristics of single well fracture and cavern, 252 kinds of residual mounds are divided. The concentrated fracture development zone affects and controls the development and distribution of the dissolution hole zone and the karst cave. Most wells in Lungu 15 block have encountered karst holes in the formation of Yingshan formation where many groups of dense fractures meet, and the single well cave drilling rate is up to 92.11.1% on the plane. The high value area of fractured reservoir is located near Lungu 433 well, Lungu 903 well, Lungu 15-8 well and Lungu 15-21 well, and the fracture type reservoir has high drilling rate along the fault, which is the most developed in Lungu 15-11 well, Lungu 15-4 well and Lungu 15-20 well. The overall drilling rate of hole type reservoir is not high. The favorable fractures and caverns in the study area are mainly distributed in the karst residual hills and the areas where the fractures overlap with the faults.
【學位授予單位】：西南石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P618.13

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