本文選題：角閃石 + 石英��； 參考：《魯東大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：長江和黃河作為中國東部陸架海域海底沉積物主要的物質(zhì)來源，輸送大量的陸源碎屑物質(zhì)，攜帶著源巖成因、流域環(huán)境、氣候條件、沉積環(huán)境和過程等眾多信息。長江和黃河入海沉積物的物源研究對研究中國東部陸架海域的源-匯系統(tǒng)意義重大，對認識環(huán)境變化、海洋通量、海岸帶海陸相互作用等提供定性和定量的依據(jù)。目前，物源研究方法眾多，結(jié)合礦物學和地球化學二者優(yōu)點的礦物元素地球化學方法應(yīng)用較少�；诘V物元素地球化學方法，尋找長江和黃河物源區(qū)分的新型指標，對研究長江和黃河物質(zhì)來源和搬運機制、入海沉積物運移路線、認識中國東部陸架海域沉積物的物源和演化過程等問題有重要的科學意義。 本文對長江口與黃河口沉積物角閃石、石英的元素地球化學特征分析，利用礦物學特征分析、常量元素、微量元素、稀土元素等方法，，找出區(qū)分長江和黃河物源指標。結(jié)果顯示： （1）在長江口與黃河口沉積物礦物特征研究中，長江沉積物重礦物中閃石類礦物和金屬礦物類含量高，黃河以云母類礦物和褐鐵礦含量高，黃河故道云母類礦物含量較少，長江和黃河沉積物主要以云母類礦物、閃石類礦物和金屬礦物類的含量為主要區(qū)分標準，重礦物中的磷灰石和榍石不能夠很好的區(qū)分長江和黃河沉積物。輕礦物中長石/石英的比值黃河高于長江，由于長江的風化強度高于黃河，長石抗風化能力比石英弱，長江輕礦物中長石含量較少。黃河中的方解石可以作為黃河沉積物的特征礦物。 （2）角閃石微量元素研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，長江角閃石成因類型復雜分散，殼型、殼幔型和幔型中均有分布，與其流域復雜的源巖成因相對應(yīng)；黃河角閃石成因類型集中，以殼�；旌闲蜑橹鳎c物源單一的特點相一致。稀土元素中，黃河角閃石稀土元素總量高于長江，輕稀土差異較大，黃河和黃河故道配分曲線一致。角閃石的微量元素和稀土元素都能夠較好的區(qū)分長江和黃河物源，利用角閃石微量元素進行聚類分析和Be-Ta圖解，能夠較好的區(qū)分長江和黃河沉積物，Be-Ta-Sc三角圖作為長江和黃河物源區(qū)分的檢驗指標。 （3）角閃石微量元素和稀土元素的前后兩次測試結(jié)果存在一定的差異，黃河和黃河故道在兩次測試中均能夠較好的顯示物源一致性，微量元素和稀土元素能夠作為物源研究的重要指標。對角閃石在兩次測試中差異較小的微量元素做標準差圖，以標準差為元素含量浮動值，初步建立長江和黃河沉積物的物源指標。 （4）石英元素地球化學研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，石英微量元素中的Be-Ta-Ge和Be-Ta-Sc圖解可以較好的區(qū)分長江和黃河物源，石英稀土元素中，長江石英稀土總量高于黃河，長江和黃河之間重稀土差異高于輕稀土。
[Abstract]:The Yangtze River and the Yellow River are the main material sources of submarine sediments in the eastern continental shelf of China. They transport a large amount of continental clastic material and carry a lot of information such as source rock origin, basin environment, climatic conditions, sedimentary environment and process, and so on. The study on the provenance of sediments from the Yangtze River and the Yellow River is of great significance to the study of the source-sink system in the eastern shelf of China, and provides a qualitative and quantitative basis for the understanding of environmental changes, ocean fluxes and the interaction between sea and land in the coastal zone. At present, there are many methods for studying provenance, but few methods for mineral element geochemistry combining the advantages of mineralogy and geochemistry. Based on the method of mineral element geochemistry, a new indicator of the material source differentiation between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River is found, and the material source and transport mechanism of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River are studied, and the sediment transport route into the sea is also studied. It is of great scientific significance to understand the provenance and evolution process of sediments in the eastern shelf of China. In this paper, the geochemical characteristics of hornblende and quartz in the Changjiang Estuary and the Yellow River Estuary are analyzed. By means of mineralogical analysis, constant elements, trace elements and rare earth elements, the material source indexes of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River are found out. The results show that: 1) in the study of mineral characteristics of sediments in Changjiang Estuary and Yellow River estuary, the contents of amphibole minerals and metal minerals in heavy minerals of Yangtze River are high, mica minerals and limonite in Yellow River are high, and the contents of mica minerals in the Yellow River are less. The contents of mica, amphibole and metal minerals are the main criteria in the sediments of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. The apatite and sphene in the heavy minerals can not distinguish the sediments of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River well. The ratio of feldspar to quartz in light minerals is higher in the Yellow River than in the Yangtze River. Because the weathering intensity of the Yangtze River is higher than that of the Yellow River, the weathering resistance of feldspar is weaker than that of quartz. Calcite in the Yellow River can be used as the characteristic mineral of the Yellow River sediment. The study of trace elements of amphibole shows that the genetic types of amphibole in the Yangtze River are complicated and dispersed, crustal, crust-mantle and mantle-type are distributed, corresponding to the complex origin of source rocks in its basin, and the genetic types of hornblende in the Yellow River are concentrated. The crust-mantle mixed type is the main type, which is consistent with the characteristics of single provenance. Among the rare earth elements, the total amount of amphibole rare earth elements in the Yellow River is higher than that in the Yangtze River, and the difference of the light rare earth elements is great. The distribution curves of the Yellow River and the Yellow River are consistent. The trace elements and rare earth elements of hornblende are able to distinguish the source of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River well. The trace elements of hornblende are used for cluster analysis and Be-Ta diagram. The Be-Ta-Sc triangulation can be used to distinguish the sediment from the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, which can be used as an index to distinguish the source of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. (3) the results of trace elements and rare earth elements in hornblende are different before and after the two tests, and the Yellow River and Yellow River old road can show the consistency of the source of materials in the two tests. Trace elements and rare earth elements can be used as important indicators for the study of provenance. The trace elements with little difference in the two tests of amphibole were used as standard deviation map, and the source indexes of Yangtze River and Yellow River sediments were preliminarily established with the standard deviation as the floating value of element content. (4) the geochemistry of quartz elements shows that the Be-Ta-Ge and Be-Ta-Sc diagrams in quartz trace elements can distinguish the source of the Yangtze River from the Yellow River, and the total amount of rare earth elements in the quartz elements of the Yangtze River is higher than that of the Yellow River. The difference of heavy rare earth between Yangtze River and Yellow River is higher than that of light rare earth.
【學位授予單位】：魯東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P595

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