本文選題：巖溶山地系統(tǒng) + 環(huán)境脆弱性　； 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：環(huán)境是人類生存和發(fā)展不可或缺的外部條件,然而人類一貫的掠奪和破壞,導(dǎo)致了自身周圍的環(huán)境條件正面臨前所未有的挑戰(zhàn),這種挑戰(zhàn)在發(fā)展中國家表現(xiàn)的尤為突出。上世紀(jì)50、60年代人類逐漸的意識(shí)到了保護(hù)環(huán)境與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展同等重要,并且有些時(shí)候前者比后者處于更加重要的地位。對(duì)于環(huán)境脆弱性的研究也由此時(shí)開始,此后關(guān)于環(huán)境脆弱性評(píng)價(jià)的研究也逐漸的展開并深入。滇東南巖溶山地系統(tǒng)是我國較典型的生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱區(qū)之一,該區(qū)域石漠化問題嚴(yán)重、自然植被覆被減少、水土流失嚴(yán)重、土地質(zhì)量貧瘠以及人民生活窘迫等眾多問題突出。近些年關(guān)于巖溶山地系統(tǒng)環(huán)境脆弱性評(píng)價(jià)的模型及方法層出不窮,沒有對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)模型及方法作實(shí)例對(duì)比研究。本文以滇東南中部硯山縣為研究區(qū),在眾多評(píng)價(jià)模型及方法中對(duì)比選取三種模型,對(duì)該研究區(qū)做環(huán)境脆弱性評(píng)價(jià),希望通過模型的應(yīng)用,一是可以獲取研究區(qū)的脆弱巖溶山地環(huán)境的現(xiàn)狀,二是借助評(píng)價(jià)的環(huán)境脆弱性結(jié)果對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)模型作對(duì)比分析。主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下：(1)詳細(xì)的闡述研究背景和選題依據(jù)、國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、研究內(nèi)容和研究的理論基礎(chǔ)及技術(shù)方法,為論文核心內(nèi)容的寫作做好理論部分的鋪墊工作。(2)首先,在介紹滇東南巖溶環(huán)境大背景的情況下,選取較典型的硯山縣作為論文的研究區(qū),并介紹了研究區(qū)的自然、社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。其次,在全面的分析造成巖溶山地系統(tǒng)環(huán)境脆弱性驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)制后,分別從自然和人為因素兩大驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)制中選取14個(gè)具有代表性的指標(biāo)來構(gòu)建巖溶山地系統(tǒng)環(huán)境脆弱性評(píng)價(jià)的指標(biāo)體系,然后選用層次分析法確定這14個(gè)指標(biāo)因子的權(quán)重值。(3)以行政村作為脆弱性評(píng)價(jià)單元,通過RS、GIS以及數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù),獲取各個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的數(shù)據(jù),并構(gòu)建脆弱性評(píng)價(jià)數(shù)據(jù)庫。運(yùn)用綜合加權(quán)模型、指標(biāo)指數(shù)模型和主成分分析模型分別對(duì)研究區(qū)進(jìn)行環(huán)境脆弱性評(píng)價(jià),并對(duì)每種評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果進(jìn)行表達(dá)、解釋和說明。三種結(jié)果都表明,研究區(qū)東部區(qū)域的脆弱環(huán)境狀況較好,中部和偏北部區(qū)域的脆弱環(huán)境狀況較差。(4)對(duì)綜合加權(quán)模型、指標(biāo)指數(shù)模型和主成分分析模型得到的三種評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果之間作詳細(xì)的對(duì)比分析。結(jié)果表明,綜合加權(quán)模型與指標(biāo)指數(shù)模型環(huán)境脆弱性結(jié)果較相似；主成分分析模型與其它兩種模型相比,環(huán)境脆弱性等級(jí)整體偏低。進(jìn)一步對(duì)綜合加權(quán)模型、指標(biāo)指數(shù)模型和主成分分析模型進(jìn)行兩兩對(duì)比,詳細(xì)的闡述清楚模型之間的相似點(diǎn)和差異點(diǎn)以及各自的特性,為以后巖溶山地區(qū)域環(huán)境脆弱性評(píng)價(jià)模型的選取提供理論參考。
[Abstract]:The environment is an indispensable external condition for human survival and development. However, the environmental conditions around them are facing unprecedented challenges, especially in the developing countries. In the 1950s and 1960s, people gradually realized that protecting the environment was as important as economic development, and sometimes the former was more important than the latter. The research on environmental vulnerability also began, and then the research on environmental vulnerability assessment began and deepened gradually. Karst mountainous system in southeastern Yunnan is one of the most typical fragile ecological areas in China. The problems of rocky desertification are serious, natural vegetation cover is reduced, soil erosion is serious, land quality is poor and people are living in distress. In recent years, the models and methods of environmental vulnerability assessment of karst mountain systems have emerged in endlessly, and there is no case study on the evaluation models and methods. This paper takes Yanshan County in the middle of southeastern Yunnan as the research area, compares and selects three kinds of models among many evaluation models and methods, and makes an environmental vulnerability assessment of this research area, hoping to apply the model. One is to obtain the present situation of fragile karst mountain environment in the study area, the other is to make a comparative analysis of the evaluation model with the result of environmental vulnerability evaluation. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) elaborate the research background and the basis for selecting the topic, the current research situation at home and abroad, the research contents, the theoretical basis and the technical methods of the research. First of all, after introducing the background of karst environment in southeastern Yunnan, a typical Yanshan county is selected as the research area of the paper, and the nature of the research area is introduced. Social and economic situation Secondly, after a comprehensive analysis of the driving mechanism of environmental vulnerability in karst mountain systems, From the two driving mechanisms of natural and human factors, 14 representative indicators were selected to construct the evaluation index system of environmental vulnerability of karst mountain system. Then the weighted value of these 14 index factors is determined by AHP. 3) the administrative village is used as the vulnerability evaluation unit, the data of each evaluation index is obtained by RSGIs and data statistics technology, and the vulnerability evaluation database is constructed. The comprehensive weighted model, index model and principal component analysis model were used to evaluate the environmental vulnerability of the study area, and the results of each evaluation were expressed, explained and explained. The three results show that the fragile environment in the eastern region of the study area is good, and the fragile environment condition in the central and northward regions is poor. The three evaluation results obtained by index model and principal component analysis model are compared and analyzed in detail. The results show that the comprehensive weighted model is similar to the index model, and the principal component analysis model is lower than the other two models. Further comparing the synthetic weighted model, the index model and the principal component analysis model, the similarities and differences between the models and their respective characteristics are explained in detail. It provides a theoretical reference for the selection of environmental vulnerability assessment model in karst mountainous region.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P642.25;X821

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