本文選題：淺層反射波 + 數(shù)據(jù)采集　； 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著公路橋梁等現(xiàn)代化工程越來(lái)越多的投入到營(yíng)運(yùn)中,地質(zhì)下層結(jié)構(gòu)中存在的各種病害也不斷顯現(xiàn)。這不僅直接影響國(guó)家交通安全造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,更加威脅到人民的生命安全。因此,對(duì)重要路段的地下結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行精確檢測(cè)變得異常重要。其中淺層反射地震法是淺層地質(zhì)勘探常用的技術(shù)。本文從數(shù)據(jù)采集和數(shù)據(jù)處理這兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)對(duì)淺層地質(zhì)勘探技術(shù)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的研究。在數(shù)據(jù)采集方面主要介紹觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、地震波激發(fā)和接收的選擇,最后在基于.Net平臺(tái)上設(shè)計(jì)一款上位機(jī)軟件,該軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)原始數(shù)據(jù)的采集與存儲(chǔ)功能,以*.txt格式進(jìn)行存儲(chǔ),但是地震勘探行業(yè)內(nèi)常采用SEG-2文件存儲(chǔ)格式,所以本文使用IXSeg2Segy軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)格式轉(zhuǎn)換;在數(shù)據(jù)處理方面主要介紹Radon變換、抽道集、速度分析、共反射多次疊加法、時(shí)-深轉(zhuǎn)換的基本原理,在.Net平臺(tái)上設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)軟件,并重點(diǎn)研究Radon變換和時(shí)-深轉(zhuǎn)換。傳統(tǒng)的反射波法是基于深層的反射波法,其不會(huì)受到較強(qiáng)面波的干擾,而本文研究是基于淺層,所以必須重視面波干擾。本文采用Radon變換達(dá)到濾除面波的效果,為后續(xù)準(zhǔn)確計(jì)算反射波的層速度奠定了基礎(chǔ)。本文根據(jù)時(shí)-深轉(zhuǎn)換公式得出地層界面的埋藏深度,把在時(shí)間域中顯示的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造轉(zhuǎn)換到深度域中,這樣地下結(jié)構(gòu)情況可以更直觀的展示出來(lái)。本文通過(guò)仿真數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)采集及數(shù)據(jù)處理程序進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。針對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊,通過(guò)信號(hào)發(fā)生器產(chǎn)生波形,在上位機(jī)軟件上還原并存儲(chǔ)波形來(lái)證明軟件的可行性。針對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)處理模塊,建立仿真地質(zhì)模型,根據(jù)本文所設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件得到深度剖面圖,其與仿真模型基本相吻合,從實(shí)踐上證明數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件的可行性。綜上所述,本文對(duì)淺層地質(zhì)勘探技術(shù)中數(shù)據(jù)采集及數(shù)據(jù)處理進(jìn)行了研究,針對(duì)淺層地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)采用Radon變換濾除面波,并最終進(jìn)行采集及處理模塊的軟件設(shè)計(jì)及使用仿真數(shù)據(jù)完成了軟件的可行性證明。
[Abstract]:As more and more modern projects such as highway and bridge are put into operation, various diseases in the structure of geological underlayer are also emerging. This not only directly affects the national traffic safety resulting in huge economic losses, but also threatens the lives of the people. Therefore, it is very important to accurately detect the underground structure of important sections. Shallow reflection seismic method is commonly used in shallow geological exploration. In this paper, the shallow geological exploration technology is studied systematically from the two key links of data acquisition and data processing. In the aspect of data acquisition, this paper mainly introduces the design of observation system, the selection of excitation and receiving of seismic wave. Finally, a software of upper computer is designed on the platform of .net. The software realizes the function of collecting and storing raw data, and stores it in the format of .txt. However, the SEG-2 file storage format is often used in seismic exploration industry, so this paper uses IXSeg2Segy software to realize format conversion. In the aspect of data processing, it mainly introduces Radon transform, extraction collection, velocity analysis, common reflection multiple stacking method. Based on the principle of time-depth conversion, the corresponding software is designed on. Net platform, and the Radon transform and time-depth conversion are studied emphatically. The traditional reflection wave method is based on deep reflection wave method, which will not be interfered by strong surface wave. However, the research in this paper is based on shallow layer, so we must pay attention to surface wave interference. In this paper, the Radon transform is used to filter the surface wave, which lays a foundation for the accurate calculation of the layer velocity of the reflected wave. In this paper, the buried depth of stratigraphic interface is obtained according to the time-depth transformation formula, and the geological structure displayed in the time domain is transformed into the depth domain, so that the underground structure can be displayed more intuitively. In this paper, the data acquisition and data processing program are verified by simulation data. For the data acquisition module, the waveform is generated by the signal generator, and the waveform is restored and stored on the upper computer software to prove the feasibility of the software. Aiming at the data processing module, the simulation geological model is established. According to the data processing software designed in this paper, the depth profile is obtained, which basically coincides with the simulation model. The feasibility of the data processing software is proved in practice. To sum up, the data acquisition and data processing in shallow geological exploration technology are studied in this paper. According to the characteristics of shallow geological structure, the surface wave is filtered by Radon transform. Finally, the software design of the acquisition and processing module and the feasibility of the software are proved by using the simulation data.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P631.4

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本文編號(hào)：1917445