本文選題：烏海斷陷盆地 + 黃河隱伏斷裂　； 參考：《中國地震局地殼應(yīng)力研究所》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隱伏活動斷層是指地表無明顯位錯(cuò)標(biāo)志、斷裂主體部分隱伏于第四系松散層內(nèi)的一類活動斷裂,因地表沒有錯(cuò)段痕跡而難以識別。隱伏活斷層的活動不僅可能導(dǎo)致地震的發(fā)生,而且可能造成沿?cái)鄬觾蓚?cè)人員傷亡與嚴(yán)重的財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。對于隱伏活動斷裂的探測,淺層地震勘探與鉆探相結(jié)合目前看來是比較有效地方法。但第四紀(jì)陸相地層相變復(fù)雜、橫向連續(xù)相較差等特征,給地層等時(shí)面的確定與對比、斷層多期活動識別帶來了困難。利用地層多層次旋回的特點(diǎn),逐次開展從大層序到小層序的鉆孔地層對比,可以有效地避免地層對比的盲目性,降低對比的不確定性。烏海斷陷盆地內(nèi)黃河隱伏斷裂早先是由航磁資料推測的,其位置非�？拷踔链┻^烏海市區(qū)。因此,在“烏海市城市活斷層探測”項(xiàng)目中,將黃河隱伏斷裂的探測作為重中之重。本文主要介紹運(yùn)用深淺層地震勘探與鉆孔聯(lián)合剖面,來研究黃河隱伏斷裂的上斷點(diǎn)埋深及其晚第四紀(jì)活動性。在烏海盆地內(nèi)布設(shè)的地震剖面揭示,黃河隱伏斷裂并非是一條單一的斷裂,而是由三條近平行近南北走向的分支斷層(F3、F4、F5)共同組成。其中斷層F3為E傾正斷層,大約在在埋深8～10km處終止于W傾正斷層F5上。斷裂F4為一條向W傾的正斷層,與斷裂F3呈“Y”字形分布,大約在深度1.2-1.5km左右歸并到向E傾的斷裂F3上,二者組成斷陷內(nèi)部的一個(gè)沉降中心。在淺層地震勘探的基礎(chǔ)上,分別沿X07、K2-2、K3、X09四條淺層地震測線,布設(shè)了烏蘭鄉(xiāng)、通達(dá)大街、崗德爾河和新園村4條聯(lián)合鉆孔剖面,其中通達(dá)大街鉆孔用于探測斷層F3,烏蘭鄉(xiāng)和新園村鉆孔用于探測斷層F4,崗德爾河鉆孔用于探測斷層F5。在每排鉆孔實(shí)施過程中,鉆孔的布設(shè)均采用“對折法”和“層位坡降法”相結(jié)合的動態(tài)分析方法,即在層位坡降有所增加的區(qū)段繼續(xù)加密鉆孔。鉆孔過程中,實(shí)時(shí)記錄下地層深度、巖性、結(jié)構(gòu)、構(gòu)造等信息,并及時(shí)采集用于測年的光釋光和14C樣品。后期,通過層序地層學(xué)、巖性巖相分析和第四紀(jì)年代測定等方法建立了各鉆孔聯(lián)合剖面。烏蘭鄉(xiāng)鉆孔跨X07測線上兩斷點(diǎn)FPx06和FPx07布設(shè),共布設(shè)100米鉆孔4口,鉆井編號自西向東依次2→3→4→1,孔間距分別為83m、30m、53m。鉆孔過程中六個(gè)標(biāo)志層(標(biāo)志層①～⑥)在斷層兩側(cè)斷距依次為2.2m、2.0m、2.2m、3.6m、3.6m和6.1m。可能是由三次地震活動事件所導(dǎo)致,三次事件斷距依次為2.2m、1.4m和2.5m。根據(jù)鉆孔所揭露地層巖性特征、相序變化和地層沉積的旋回性特點(diǎn),應(yīng)用層序地層學(xué)理論,將地層向下而上分為5個(gè)準(zhǔn)層序(Sq1-Sq5)和19個(gè)體系域進(jìn)行從大層到小層的精細(xì)對比。最后得出黃河隱伏斷裂分支斷裂F4在晚更新世以來表現(xiàn)出3期活動特征,其上斷點(diǎn)埋深約為26米,其最新活動時(shí)間大約為25Ka。同時(shí)烏蘭鄉(xiāng)鉆孔剖面揭露斷層F4晚更新世以來的三次活動事件,其垂直活動錯(cuò)距分別為2.2米、1.4米和2.5米,活動的時(shí)間依次是(25.6士0.11)Ka BP、(35.6士0.29)～(41.7士0.57)Ka BP、(58.25士7.13) Ka BP。通達(dá)大街的聯(lián)合鉆孔剖面共布設(shè)了4口100米鉆孔,鉆孔編號自西向東依次為1→3→4→2。根據(jù)地層旋回性自下而上將其分為了3個(gè)準(zhǔn)層序和12個(gè)體系域,通過地層的精細(xì)對比,揭露了黃河隱伏斷裂分支斷裂F3的晚更新世兩期活動事件。斷層F3上斷點(diǎn)埋深深度為50.5米,斷層F3的最新活動時(shí)間大約為40Ka。地層中的兩個(gè)標(biāo)志層(標(biāo)志層②和標(biāo)志層①)在斷層兩側(cè)的垂直落差,反映斷層F3晚更新世以來的兩次地震活動事件,其垂直斷距分別為2.8m和2.0m,活動時(shí)間分別為(39.5土0.45)Ka BP和(11.1土1.21) Ka BP。鉆孔ZK4在67.2m處穿過F3斷層面。崗德爾河鉆孔剖面由于鉆孔位置距離東側(cè)崗德爾山太近(小于1.5公里),第四紀(jì)地層多為崗德爾山山麓沖溝洪流沉積所形成的洪積物,因此沉積物中礫石含量很高。在此處布設(shè)的三口鉆孔所揭露地層在50m以下全為礫石沉積,難以有效識別斷層F5。新園村鉆孔揭示該處100m以上地層未受斷層F4擾動,100-120m地層表現(xiàn)出一定錯(cuò)位現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:Concealed active faults are a kind of active faults that have no apparent dislocation marks on the surface, and the main part of the fault is hidden in the loose layers of the quaternary system, which is difficult to identify because there is no trace on the surface. The activity of hidden active faults may not only lead to the occurrence of earthquakes, but also cause casualties along the two sides of the fault layer and the serious property loss. The detection of hidden active faults and the combination of shallow seismic exploration and drilling seem to be more effective methods at present. However, the phase transition of the Quaternary Continental strata is complicated and the lateral continuous phase is poor. It is difficult to identify and contrast the stratigraphic isochronous surface. The borehole contrast of the large sequence to the small sequence can effectively avoid the blindness of the stratigraphic contrast and reduce the uncertainty of the contrast. The the Yellow River hidden fault in the Wuhai faulted basin was early speculated by the aeromagnetic data, and its position is very close to even through the urban area of Wuhai. Therefore, in the "Wuhai urban active fault detection" project, it will be yellow. The detection of the hidden faults of the river is a heavy weight. This paper mainly introduces the use of deep shallow seismic exploration and borehole joint section to study the buried depth of the concealed fault in the Yellow River and its late Quaternary activity. The seismic profiles in the Wuhai basin reveal that the hidden fault in the Yellow River is not a single single fault, but is composed of three near leveling faults. The branch faults (F3, F4, F5) near the north-south direction are common. The fault F3 is E inclined fault, which terminates on the W tilting fault F5 about 8 to 10km at the depth of the buried depth. The fault F4 is a W inclined normal fault, and the fault F3 is "Y". On the basis of shallow seismic exploration, four shallow seismic surveys along X07, K2-2, K3, and X09, respectively, set up 4 joint drilling sections in uran Township, Tongda street, gang Del River and Xinyuan village, of which Tongda Street drilling is used to detect fault F3, uran Township and Xinyuan village boreholes are used to detect fault F4 and gang Del River drilling. In the process of detecting the fault F5. in each row of drill holes, the layout of the drill holes used the dynamic analysis method combining "the folding method" and the "layer slope method", that is to continue to encrypt the borehole in the section with the increase of the slope of the horizon. In the process of drilling, the information of the depth, lithology, structure and structure of the strata is recorded in real time and is collected in time. The light release light and 14C samples of the year were measured. Later, through sequence stratigraphy, lithology and lithofacies analysis and quaternary dating methods, various drilling joint sections were set up. The two broken points FPx06 and FPx07 were set in the X07 survey line of Ulan township. A total of 100 meters drill holes were set up, and the number of drilling numbers from west to East was 2 to 3 to 4 to 1, and the spacing of the holes was 83m, 30m, 53, respectively. In the course of M. drilling, the six mark layers (sign layer 1 ~ 6) are in turn 2.2M, 2.0m, 2.2M, 3.6m, 3.6m and 6.1m. may be caused by three earthquake events, and the three event interval is 2.2M, 1.4m and 2.5m. are based on the lithologic characteristics of the strata, the phase sequence change and the sedimentary cycle characteristics, and the application layer. The sequence stratigraphy theory divides the strata down into 5 quasi sequence (Sq1-Sq5) and 19 system domains for the fine comparison from the large to the small. Finally, it is concluded that the the Yellow River concealed fault branch fracture F4 shows 3 stages of activity since the late Pleistocene, and the depth of the breakpoint is about 26 meters, and the latest activity time is about 25Ka. and the drills of Ulan township. The hole section reveals three events of the fault F4 since the late Pleistocene, which are 2.2 m, 1.4 m and 2.5 m, respectively. The activity time is (25.6 st 0.11) Ka BP, (35.6 and 0.29) - (41.7 and 0.57) Ka BP and (58.25 7.13) (7.13) joint drilling section of Ka BP. Tongda street. In the East, 1 - 3 - 4 - 2. are divided into 3 quasi sequence and 12 individual regions based on stratigraphic cyclicity. Through fine contrast of the strata, the late Pleistocene two phase activities of the the Yellow River hidden fault branch fault F3 are revealed. The depth of the breakpoint depth of the fault F3 is 50.5 meters, and the latest activity time of the fault F3 is about 40Ka. strata. The vertical drop of two mark layers (sign layer 2 and sign layer) on both sides of the fault reflects the two seismic events of the fault F3 since late Pleistocene, whose vertical break distance is 2.8m and 2.0m respectively. The activity time is respectively (39.5 soil 0.45) Ka BP and (11.1 soil 1.21) Ka BP. drilling ZK4 through F3 broken layer at 67.2m. Because the location of the borehole is too close to the eastern gang of Del mountain (less than 1.5 km), the Quaternary strata are most of the flood deposits formed by the flood sediment in the foothills of the post Del mountain. Therefore, the gravel content is very high. The strata exposed here in three holes are all gravel below 50m, and it is difficult to effectively identify the new village of the fault in the fault. Boreholes reveal that the strata above 100m are not disturbed by fault F4, and 100-120m strata show a certain dislocation phenomenon.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地震局地殼應(yīng)力研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P542

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