本文選題：二連盆地 + 伊和凹陷　； 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：重力勘探是根據(jù)巖礦石之間存在的密度差異,進(jìn)行地質(zhì)問題研究及尋找礦產(chǎn)資源的一種傳統(tǒng)的地球物理勘探方法。重力正演擬合是通過建立和修改場源初始模型來擬合實(shí)測重力異常,求取場源物性參數(shù)和幾何參數(shù),通過正演技術(shù)達(dá)到反演的目的。重力資料在盆地“探邊摸底”、“定凹選帶”等方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。重力歸一化總梯度法是一種利用重力場的特征點(diǎn)或者解析函數(shù)中的奇點(diǎn),探測并估計(jì)重力異常場源體的位置的方法。本文通過水平圓柱體及組合模型、三度體背斜構(gòu)造來研究歸一化總梯度法,通過鉛垂斷面圖中歸一化總梯度場“兩高夾一低”的特征來探測背斜構(gòu)造頂部的油氣藏(或低密度體)。二連盆地由眾多小凹陷組成,伊和凹陷是其中之一。在凹陷形成過程中,砂巖和泥巖會(huì)產(chǎn)生分離,而砂、泥巖分離程度決定了凹陷(找油角度)優(yōu)劣程度,凹陷的分離程度越好,找油前景越好。其中,搬運(yùn)距離和水動(dòng)力活躍程度是決定砂、泥分離程度的兩個(gè)決定性因素。伊和凹陷主要勘探目的層系為下白堊統(tǒng)巴彥花群,其中主要的生油層系為古生界、阿爾善組以及騰格爾組一段。本文結(jié)合理論模型深入分析了重力歸一化總梯度法的基本原理,并將其應(yīng)用于伊和凹陷,結(jié)果表明該凹陷評(píng)級(jí)較好。利用2.5D建模正反演技術(shù)對(duì)其中橫跨主洼槽的兩條測線進(jìn)行可視化正演擬合。其中,以二維地震解釋結(jié)果為初始模型的幾何參數(shù);以測井聲波波速資料為初始模型的物性參數(shù)。參考盆地沉積特征,通過人機(jī)交互試錯(cuò)調(diào)整來實(shí)現(xiàn)密度橫向變化。通過正演擬合揭示了主洼槽沉積層橫向和縱向均存在較大的密度不均勻性,主洼槽有利于油氣生成。與地震解釋結(jié)果對(duì)比,二者在賽漢組-第四紀(jì)、騰格爾組深度相差不大,但在凹陷底部擬合結(jié)果與地震解釋結(jié)果有明顯差異。通過鉆井結(jié)果驗(yàn)證,正演擬合各沉積層深度與鉆井揭示的各層深度結(jié)果一致,并且從空間幾何和物性(密度)角度證實(shí)鉆井在阿爾善組底部發(fā)現(xiàn)的粗-細(xì)-粗沉積旋回(伊和組)存在的合理性。二維地震解釋結(jié)果偏淺,其可能原因是時(shí)深轉(zhuǎn)換選取的速度值偏小或者早期地震解釋有錯(cuò)層現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:Gravity exploration is a traditional geophysical exploration method to study geological problems and find mineral resources according to the density difference between rock and ore. Gravity forward modeling is to establish and modify the initial model of the field source to fit the measured gravity anomaly, to obtain the physical and geometric parameters of the field source, and to achieve the purpose of inversion by the forward modeling technique. Gravity data play an important role in the exploration of the edge of the basin and the determination of the concave separation zone. The gravity normalized general gradient method is a method to detect and estimate the position of gravity anomaly field source body by using the characteristic points of gravity field or the singularity of analytic function. In this paper, the normalized total gradient method is studied by the horizontal cylinder and its combination model, and the three-dimensional body anticline structure. Based on the characteristic of normalized total gradient field in vertical fault diagram, the oil and gas reservoirs (or low density bodies) at the top of anticline structure are explored. Erlian basin is composed of many small sag, Yi-he sag is one of them. In the process of formation of sag, sandstone and mudstone will be separated, and the degree of separation of sand and mudstone will determine the good or bad degree of sag. The better the degree of separation of sag, the better the prospect of looking for oil. Among them, transport distance and hydrodynamic activity are two decisive factors to determine the degree of sand and mud separation. The main exploration target series in the Yi-he depression is the Bayanhua Group of the Lower Cretaceous, in which the main source systems are the Paleozoic, the Alshan formation and the first member of the Tengger formation. In this paper, the basic principle of gravity normalized total gradient method is deeply analyzed with theoretical model, and applied to Yihe sag. The results show that the sag has a good rating. The 2.5D modeling forward and inverse modeling technique is used to visualize forward modeling of two surveying lines across the main depression. The results of 2-D seismic interpretation are taken as the geometric parameters of the initial model and the logging acoustic wave velocity data are taken as the physical parameters of the initial model. According to the sedimentary characteristics of the basin, the lateral variation of density is realized by the adjustment of error-machine interaction. Through forward modeling, it is revealed that there are large density inhomogeneity in both transverse and longitudinal direction of the sedimentary layer of the main depression, and the main trough is favorable to the generation of oil and gas. Compared with the seismic interpretation results, the depth of the Seihan formation and the Quaternary and the Tengger formation have little difference, but the fitting results at the bottom of the sag are obviously different from the seismic interpretation results. The results of drilling show that the depth of each sediment layer fitted forward is consistent with that revealed by drilling. The rationality of the existence of coarse-fine-coarse sedimentary cycle (Yihe formation) found in the bottom of the Alshan formation is confirmed from the point of view of spatial geometry and physical properties (density). The results of 2-D seismic interpretation are shallow, which may be due to the low velocity value selected by time-depth conversion or the phenomenon of staggered layers in early seismic interpretation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13;P631.1

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