本文選題：多分量測量 + 固定翼航空電磁探測��； 參考：《吉林大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟水平的不斷發(fā)展，我國對能源的需求與日俱增，進行高效的資源勘探及開發(fā)已勢在必行。固定翼航空電磁探測是一種基于法拉第電磁感應定律，以固定翼飛機為載體，采用偶極-偶極收發(fā)裝置的地球物理探測方法，具有探測效率高、成本低等優(yōu)勢，廣泛應用于地質勘查、油氣探測、水文普查等領域。固定翼航空電磁數(shù)據(jù)量龐大，反演解釋耗時費力，一般采用電導率深度成像技術(CDI，Conductivity-Depth Imaging)快速處理海量航空電磁數(shù)據(jù)，得到地下電導率分布圖，從而確定地下異常分布。 本文依托國家自然科學基金項目“固定翼時間域航空電磁探測整體反演方法研究”以及國家重大科研裝備研制專項子課題“航空瞬變電磁系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)處理與反演成像”，結合固定翼航空電磁探測儀器參數(shù)設計，研究了固定翼航空電磁探測三分量一維正演計算以及單分量電導率深度成像算法；基于固定翼航空電磁探測的多分量測量，借助姿態(tài)角度等輔助信息，提出了多分量聯(lián)合電導率深度成像算法，主要研究內(nèi)容如下： 基于航空電磁探測理論，研究了階躍發(fā)射電流的多分量off-time電磁響應計算方法，推導了任意發(fā)射電流波形下的多分量二次場全波響應；根據(jù)畢奧-薩伐爾定律，得到任意發(fā)射電流波形條件下接收線圈處的一次場，從而得到全場響應�；谡菟惴�，結合儀器參數(shù)設計的需要，以梯形發(fā)射電流與半正弦發(fā)射電流為例，對比研究了不同發(fā)射電流參數(shù)的電磁響應，經(jīng)分析得出：若采用梯形發(fā)射電流，脈沖寬度為4ms，當上升沿寬度在0.2ms波動，下降沿寬度在0.1ms波動時，電磁響應均方相對誤差均低于4%；若采用半正弦發(fā)射電流，脈沖寬度為4ms，當脈沖寬度在0.4ms波動時，電磁響應均方相對誤差低于4%。 固定翼航空電磁探測三分量接收線圈懸掛于飛機下方，難以準確獲取大地坐標系下的多分量信息，一般采用總場數(shù)據(jù)進行解釋成像。本文基于正演計算，分析了B場與dB dt電磁響應特點，發(fā)現(xiàn)B場能量主要集中在低頻段，易于良導體探測；在此基礎上分別研究了dB dt與B場的單分量與總場電導率深度成像，仿真實例表明，在良導體探測中，B場較dB dt響應具有更好的成像效果。同時飛行高度及發(fā)射電流波形對成像結果的影響表明，飛行高度及發(fā)射電流的微小偏差也會引起較大的成像誤差。 目前隨著激光慣導等技術的發(fā)展，可以準確測量各分量接收線圈姿態(tài)，使得精確獲取大地坐標系下的多分量電磁響應成為可能。本文基于多分量測量，結合姿態(tài)角度等輔助信息，提出了一種基于B場響應的雙分量聯(lián)合電導率深度成像算法，基于固定翼時間域航空電磁正演理論，建立水平分量磁場(即Bx)-垂直分量磁場(即Bz)-電導率-飛行高度數(shù)據(jù)表，利用磁場雙分量聯(lián)合查表與插值算法，確定視電導率，根據(jù)擴散深度公式得到視深度，并計算成像深度，從而得到雙分量聯(lián)合電導率深度成像結果。本文基于一維大地模型正演數(shù)據(jù)與準二維大地模型正演加噪數(shù)據(jù)，分別采用磁場雙分量聯(lián)合查表法、總場查表法和單分量查表法對仿真數(shù)據(jù)進行電導率深度成像，結果表明磁場雙分量聯(lián)合查表法優(yōu)于單分量與總場查表法，成像精度提高了7%。 最后本文研究了雙分量聯(lián)合電導率深度成像對異常體探測能力的影響，在儀器分辨率為0.01nT時，研究了航空電磁的異常體探測能力，，得到同等儀器分辨率下對應大地模型的分辨極限�；跍识S大地模型正演加噪數(shù)據(jù)，對比研究了Bx分量查表法、Bz分量查表法、總場查表法以及Bx-Bz分量聯(lián)合查表法對異常體探測能力的影響，結果證明在同等儀器分辨率的條件下，Bx-Bz分量聯(lián)合查表法對異常體具有更好的探測能力，相當于間接提高了儀器分辨率。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the economic level, China's demand for energy is increasing, and it is imperative to carry out efficient resource exploration and development. Fixed wing aero electromagnetic detection is a geophysical exploration method based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, using the fixed wing aircraft as the carrier and using dipole dipole transceiver, and has the detection efficiency. High, low cost advantages, widely used in geological exploration, oil and gas detection, hydrographic census and other fields. The fixed wing aero electromagnetic data is huge, and the inversion interpretation is time-consuming and laborious. In general, the conductivity depth imaging (CDI, Conductivity-Depth Imaging) is used to quickly deal with the mass aero electromagnetic data and obtain the distribution map of the underground conductivity, thus determining the distribution of the underground conductivity. Abnormal distribution of underground.
This paper, based on the National Natural Science Foundation Project "study on the integrated inversion method of aero electromagnetic detection in fixed wing time domain" and the "data processing and inversion imaging of Aeronautical transient electromagnetic system", and the parameter design of the fixed wing aero electromagnetic explorer, have studied the fixed wing aero electromagnetic field. The three component one dimensional forward calculation and the single component conductivity depth imaging algorithm are detected. Based on the multi component measurement of the fixed wing aero electromagnetic detection and the aid of the attitude angle, the multi component joint conductivity depth imaging algorithm is proposed. The main research contents are as follows:
Based on the theory of aero electromagnetic detection, the multi component off-time electromagnetic response calculation method of step emission current is studied, and the multicomponent two field full wave response under arbitrary emission current is derived. According to Biot Savart law, the first field at the receiving coil under the condition of arbitrary emission current is obtained, and the full field response is obtained. Yu Zheng algorithm, combined with the need of instrument parameter design, takes the trapezoid emission current and the semi sinusoidal emission current as an example to compare and study the electromagnetic response of different emission current parameters. The analysis shows that if the trapezoid emission current is used, the pulse width is 4ms, when the rising edge is in the 0.2ms fluctuation and the drop along the width is in the 0.1ms fluctuation, the electromagnetic response is observed. The relative error of the mean square is less than 4%. If the half sinusoidal emission current is used, the pulse width is 4ms, and the relative error of the electromagnetic response is less than 4%. when the pulse width is fluctuating in the 0.4ms.
The three component receiving coil of fixed wing aero electromagnetic detection is suspended under the aircraft. It is difficult to obtain the multi component information in the geodetic coordinate system. Generally, the total field data is used to explain the imaging. Based on the forward calculation, the electromagnetic response characteristics of B field and dB DT are analyzed. It is found that the energy of the B field is mainly concentrated in the low frequency section, and it is easy to detect the good conductor. On this basis, the single component and total field conductivity depth imaging of dB DT and B field are studied. The simulation example shows that in the good conductor detection, the B field has a better imaging effect than the dB DT response. At the same time, the influence of the flight height and the emission current waveform on the imaging results shows that the slight deviation of the flying height and the emission current will also cause the comparison. Large imaging error.
At present, with the development of laser inertial navigation technology, it is possible to accurately measure the attitude of each component receiving coil, making it possible to obtain the multi component electromagnetic response in the geodetic coordinate system accurately. Based on multicomponent measurement and combined with the auxiliary information of attitude angle, a kind of dual component joint conductivity depth imaging based on B field response is proposed. Method, based on the fixed wing time domain aero electromagnetic forward theory, the horizontal component magnetic field (Bx) vertical component magnetic field (Bz) - conductivity flight height data table is set up. The apparent conductivity is determined by the double component joint lookup and interpolation algorithm of the magnetic field, the apparent depth is obtained according to the diffusion depth formula, and the imaging depth is calculated, thus the dual component is obtained. In this paper, based on the positive data of one dimensional earth model and the quasi two-dimensional geodetic model, this paper uses the magnetic double component joint table method, the total field lookup table method and the single component lookup method to carry on the conductivity depth imaging to the simulation data. The result shows that the magnetic field double component joint lookup method is superior to the single component. The total field look-up table method has improved the imaging precision of 7%.
At the end of this paper, the influence of the dual component combined conductivity depth imaging on the detection ability of abnormal body is studied. When the resolution of the instrument is 0.01nT, the detection ability of the abnormal body of aero electromagnetic is studied and the resolution limit of the corresponding earth model is obtained under the same resolution of the same instrument. Based on the quasi two-dimensional geodetic model, the Bx fraction is compared and studied. The measurement table method, the Bz component look-up table method, the total field lookup table method and the Bx-Bz component joint table method influence the abnormal body detection ability. The results show that under the same resolution conditions, the Bx-Bz component joint look-up table method has better detection ability for the abnormal body, which is equivalent to the indirect lifting of the instrument resolution.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.326

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