發(fā)布時間：2018-05-14 19:16

  本文選題：四川盆地 + 震旦系��； 參考：《中國石油大學(北京)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：四川盆地及其周緣地區(qū)震旦系中普遍富集瀝青。眾所周知,瀝青是石油與天然氣之間的中間產(chǎn)物,它記錄了石油生成后所經(jīng)歷的各種地質(zhì)和地球化學過程,瀝青中所蘊含的地質(zhì)信息將有助于理解震旦系的油氣成藏過程,并對四川盆地的油氣勘探和資源預測起到重要作用。本文以川中地區(qū)震旦系瀝青作為研究對象,通過光學顯微鏡和掃描電鏡觀察,對瀝青的賦存特征進行分析發(fā)現(xiàn),川中地區(qū)震旦系發(fā)育有兩類瀝青,一類是原瀝青,即烴源巖有機質(zhì)原地熱演化而形成的瀝青;另一類是固體瀝青,根據(jù)賦存位置和運移距離可將其細分為烴源巖固體瀝青和儲層固體瀝青。震旦系原瀝青和烴源巖固體瀝青主要賦存于燈三段黑色泥質(zhì)白云巖中,表明泥質(zhì)白云巖具備生烴能力并發(fā)生過生烴過程;而震旦系儲層固體瀝青大量分布于燈影組白云巖中,表明在地質(zhì)歷史時期存在大規(guī)模油氣充注過程。震旦系儲層固體瀝青具有較高的隨機反射率(平均值約為3.4%)和雙反射率(4.2%~6.9%),呈現(xiàn)出強烈的光學各向異性,并發(fā)育有各種各樣的焦炭結(jié)構(gòu),包括細粒、中粒、粗粒鑲嵌焦炭結(jié)構(gòu)以及似流動狀-片狀焦炭結(jié)構(gòu)。儲層固體瀝青的焦炭結(jié)構(gòu)類型由其前體性質(zhì)決定,具有細粒-粗粒鑲嵌焦炭結(jié)構(gòu)的儲層固體瀝青可能來源于富瀝青質(zhì)的重油前體,而具有似流動狀-片狀焦炭結(jié)構(gòu)的儲層固體瀝青來源于脫瀝青質(zhì)的重油前體。這些重油前體和儲層固體瀝青的形成主要受控于熱蝕變作用,包括正常的熱成熟作用和異常的熱液蝕變作用。自生高嶺石對瀝青質(zhì)的吸附促進了儲層固體瀝青的沉淀,因此自然脫瀝青質(zhì)作用也是震旦系儲層固體瀝青的一種形成機制;另外,震旦系儲層固體瀝青未發(fā)生明顯的生物降解作用。通過對川中和威遠地區(qū)震旦-寒武系儲層固體瀝青的稀土元素組成進行研究發(fā)現(xiàn),盡管震旦-寒武系儲層固體瀝青的稀土元素總量(∑REE)十分低(0.20μg/g~2.36μg/g),但是稀土元素及其參數(shù)可以將不同地理位置、不同層位和不同賦存單元中的儲層固體瀝青區(qū)分開來。因此,稀土元素可以用于固體瀝青分類研究。稀土元素數(shù)據(jù)的因子分析和主成份分析表明,稀土元素濃度在固體瀝青分類中起主要作用,而輕重稀土元素分餾程度(如LREE/HREE和La_N/Yb_N比率)在固體瀝青分類中起次要作用。儲層固體瀝青的稀土元素濃度和配分模式主要受兩個地質(zhì)過程的控制,包括烴源巖繼承作用和水-巖作用。儲層固體瀝青的∑REE值與δ~(13)C值存在完美的二次函數(shù)關(guān)系表明,控制儲層固體瀝青稀土元素濃度的主要因素是烴源巖有機質(zhì)類型。川中和威遠地區(qū)震旦-寒武系儲層固體瀝青均具有較低的∑REE值與δ~(13)C值,這與前人報道的來源于下寒武統(tǒng)頁巖的儲層固體瀝青具有很好的對比性,表明川中和威遠地區(qū)震旦-寒武系儲層固體瀝青也可能來源于下寒武統(tǒng)頁巖。另一方面,水-巖作用導致了儲層固體瀝青氣孔中形成一些自生礦物,如伊利石和重晶石等。這些自生礦物在儲層固體瀝青中所占比重通常較小,它們對儲層固體瀝青稀土元素組成的影響較弱。但是,這些自生礦物對縫合線儲層固體瀝青的稀土元素組成影響較大。通過對川中地區(qū)震旦-寒武系進行巖心觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),潛在烴源巖包括下寒武統(tǒng)筇竹寺組頁巖、筇竹寺組Ni-Mo多金屬礦層、燈三段泥質(zhì)白云巖以及燈影組的藻白云巖和白云巖。巖石學和地球化學研究表明,這些潛在烴源巖的有機質(zhì)類型均為I-II型,熱演化程度較高。燈影組藻白云巖和白云巖沉積于氧化條件下,有機質(zhì)豐度低,屬于差-非烴源巖;燈三段黑色泥質(zhì)白云巖僅下部富含有機質(zhì),主要沉積于亞氧化環(huán)境中,為一般-好烴源巖,其上部貧乏有機質(zhì),沉積于氧化環(huán)境中,為差烴源巖;筇竹寺組多金屬礦層沉積于硫化環(huán)境中,有機質(zhì)豐度最高,屬于最好的烴源巖,但沉積厚度薄制約了其生烴潛力;筇竹寺組黑色頁巖有機質(zhì)豐度高,沉積于持續(xù)的缺氧條件下,且廣泛分布于四川盆地及其周緣地區(qū),為研究區(qū)內(nèi)最現(xiàn)實的、最有潛力的好烴源巖。通過碳同位素和微量元素比率(如V/Ni)方法進行瀝青-源巖對比表明,川中地區(qū)震旦系-寒武系儲層固體瀝青與威遠地區(qū)震旦系儲層固體瀝青具有共同的來源,均來源于下寒武統(tǒng)筇竹寺組缺氧黑色頁巖。盡管燈三段泥質(zhì)白云巖和筇竹寺組多金屬礦層具有一定的生烴潛力,但它們對震旦系烴類的貢獻可能不大。
[Abstract]:Asphalt is generally enriched in the Sinian system in the Sichuan basin and its periphery. It is well known that asphalt is a intermediate product between petroleum and natural gas. It records various geological and geochemical processes experienced after the formation of petroleum. The geological information contained in the asphalt will help to understand the oil and gas accumulation process of the Sinian system and to the Sichuan basin. Oil and gas exploration and resource prediction play an important role. In this paper, the Sinian bitumen in the central Sichuan area is taken as the research object. Through the observation of optical and scanning electron microscopy, it is found that there are two kinds of bitumen in the Sinian system in the Middle Sichuan area, one is the original bituminous, that is, the original geothermal evolution of the organic matter of the source rocks. The other type is solid bitumen, which can be subdivided into source rock solid bitumen and reservoir solid bitumen according to the location and migration distance. Sinian primary bitumen and hydrocarbon source rock solid bitumen are mainly deposited in three black dolomite dolomites of lamp, indicating that muddy dolomite has hydrocarbon generating capacity and hydrocarbon generation process; Sinian reservoir The solid bitumen is widely distributed in the dolomite of the Dengying group. It shows that there is a large-scale oil and gas filling process in the geological history. The Sinian solid bitumen has a high random reflectance (about 3.4%) and double reflectivity (4.2%~6.9%), showing a strong optical anisotropy and a variety of coke structures, including a variety of coke structures. Fine particles, medium particles, and coarse grains are inlaid with coke structure and like flake like Coke structure. The structure of the coke structure of the reservoir solid bitumen is determined by its precursors. The solid bitumen with fine grain and coarse grain inlaid coke structure may come from the heavy oil precursor of the rich asphaltene, and the reservoir solid Lek with a flow like flake like Coke structure is found. The formation of these heavy oil precursors and reservoir solid bitumen is mainly controlled by thermal alteration, including normal thermal ripening and abnormal hydrothermal alteration. The adsorption of asphaltenes to asphaltenes by authigenic kaolinite promotes the precipitation of reservoir solid bitumen. Therefore, natural deasphalting is also a Sinian system. In addition, the solid bitumen of Sinian reservoir has no obvious biodegradation. Through the study of the rare earth element composition of Sinian Cambrian solid bitumen in Weiyuan and Weiyuan area, the total amount of rare earth elements (sigma) of Sinian Cambrian reservoir solid bitumen (0.20) is very low (0.20 The rare earth elements and their parameters can be distinguished from the solid bitumen in different locations, different beds and different storage units. Therefore, the rare earth elements can be used in the study of the classification of solid bitumen. The factor analysis and principal component analysis of the rare earth element data show that the concentration of rare earth elements is classified in the classification of solid bitumen. It plays a major role, and the degree of fractionation of heavy and heavy rare earth elements (such as the ratio of LREE/HREE and La_N/Yb_N) plays a secondary role in the classification of solid bitumen. The concentration and distribution pattern of the rare earth elements of the reservoir solid bitumen are mainly controlled by two geological processes, including the inheritance of source rocks and water rock. The sigma REE value and delta ~ (13) of the solid bitumen of the reservoir. The perfect two function relation of the C value indicates that the main factor of controlling the concentration of the rare earth element in the reservoir is the organic matter in the source rock. The solid bitumen of the Sinian Cambrian reservoir in the Sichuan and Weiyuan regions has a lower value of sigma REE and the value of delta ~ (13) C, which is from the predecessors' reports from the reservoir solid bitumen of the lower Cambrian shale. It is clear that the Sinian Cambrian reservoir solid bitumen in the Sichuan and Weiyuan areas may also be derived from the lower Cambrian shale. On the other hand, the water rock action leads to the formation of some authigenic minerals, such as illite and barite, in the pores of the reservoir solid bitumen, such as the illite and the barite. They have little influence on the composition of the rare-earth elements of the reservoir solid bitumen. However, these authigenic minerals have great influence on the composition of the rare-earth elements of the Sinian solid bitumen in the seam line. The potential source rocks include the lower Cambrian bamboo shales and the Ni-Mo polymetallic ore of the bamboo Temple formation. The lithology and geochemical studies show that the organic matter of these potential source rocks is I-II type and has a high degree of thermal evolution. Under the condition of the deposition of the dolomite and dolomite in the oxidizing condition, the organic matter is low in the abundance of organic matter, and the three section of the lamp is black. The lower part of the argillaceous dolomite is rich in organic matter, mainly deposited in the oxidizing environment, which is a general good hydrocarbon source rock, and its upper part is poor in organic matter and is deposited in the oxidizing environment, which is a differential source rock, and the polymetallic ore deposits in the bamboo Temple formation are deposited in the vulcanized environment, with the highest organic abundance and the best hydrocarbon source rocks, but the thinness of the sedimentary thickness restricts its hydrocarbon generation. The black shale has high abundance of organic matter, deposited in the continuous anoxic condition and widely distributed in the Sichuan basin and its periphery. It is the most realistic and most potential good source rock in the study area. The comparison of carbon isotopes and trace elements (such as V/Ni) shows that the Sinian system of the Sinian region in the Middle Sichuan area was compared. The solid bitumen of Cambrian reservoir has a common source with Sinian solid bitumen in Weiyuan area, all of which are derived from the anoxic black shale of the lower Cambrian bamboo Temple formation. Although the three segment of the muddy dolomite and the polymetallic ore layer of the bamboo Temple group have certain hydrocarbon generating potential, they may not contribute much to the hydrocarbon of the Sinian system.

【學位授予單位】：中國石油大學(北京)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P618.13

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