本文選題：微鉆試驗臺 + 鉆進參數(shù)　； 參考：《吉林大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著國民經(jīng)濟迅速提高，國家對能源資源的需求不斷加大。但如今能源資源開發(fā)難度比以前更具有挑戰(zhàn)性，鉆進巖層硬度比以往更加堅硬。由于開采地下資源每年所要消耗的資金以及材料成本越來越高，所以鉆探技術的提高以及鉆進工藝的選擇越來越重要。鉆孔施工過程中鉆頭的質(zhì)量，直接影響鉆井施工進度。研制鉆進效率高、成本低廉、使用壽命長的新型鉆頭顯得尤為重要。針對地質(zhì)、有色、煤田、石油等部門對鉆頭研制與測試的需求，研發(fā)電液微鉆試驗臺，以下簡稱微鉆試驗臺，用來對新研制的鉆頭進行性能測試，，是非常有意義的。 微鉆試驗臺可模擬真實鉆進情況，具有巖樣移載運動、動力頭回轉(zhuǎn)運動以及給進或提升運動等。能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)鉆進過程中各項鉆進參數(shù)(鉆壓、鉆速、扭矩、轉(zhuǎn)速及進尺)的監(jiān)測、采集、處理及存儲功能，還可建立鉆進參數(shù)報表文件數(shù)據(jù)庫。根據(jù)微鉆試驗臺總體方案要求進行任務分解，對微鉆試驗臺整體劃分為兩部分，即主機部分與控制系統(tǒng)部分。 確定微鉆試驗臺基本要求、微鉆試驗臺主要組成及總體布局、微鉆試驗臺工作原理。對微鉆試驗臺鉆參數(shù)進行理論計算，即分別對動力頭回轉(zhuǎn)速度、動力頭輸出扭矩以及沖洗液泵量進行理論計算。根據(jù)微鉆試驗臺基本要求分別對巖樣箱、主機機架部件、活動橫梁、動力頭、外罩進行設計。設計完畢對主機各個部件進行統(tǒng)一裝配。 微鉆試驗臺控制系統(tǒng)包括液壓控制系統(tǒng)和參數(shù)檢測與控制系統(tǒng)兩部分。首先對液壓控制系統(tǒng)的分類做了簡單的介紹。其次根據(jù)微鉆試驗臺設計要求，液壓控制系統(tǒng)需要驅(qū)動動力頭的給進以及回轉(zhuǎn)運動，并可實現(xiàn)液壓馬達無級調(diào)速特性。對微鉆的液壓控制系統(tǒng)給進回路以及回轉(zhuǎn)回路負載特性進行了分析。根據(jù)計算得出的鉆進參數(shù)（動力頭回轉(zhuǎn)速度、輸出的扭矩，沖洗液的泵量）以及微鉆工況需求，對液壓泵、液壓馬達以及相關零件進行選型，并確定微鉆鉆進參數(shù)。對液壓動力泵站進行整體設計，使其控制集中，操作方便、外觀美觀等特點。 最后對微鉆試驗臺鉆進參數(shù)檢測與控制系統(tǒng)進行設計分析。對參數(shù)檢測原理做了簡單介紹，分別對鉆進壓力、回轉(zhuǎn)速度、鉆進速度以及進尺深度檢測原理進行分析并對相應的各類傳感器進行了選型。 部件設計、選型完畢，安裝微鉆試驗臺并進行調(diào)試試驗。通過試驗得出數(shù)據(jù)曲線圖進行分析。試驗結(jié)果證明：微鉆鉆進過程中，微鉆試驗臺整體性能穩(wěn)定，檢驗了微鉆試驗臺運行的平穩(wěn)性，達到預期目標。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of national economy, the demand for energy resources is increasing. But the development of energy resources is more challenging than ever, and drilling into rock is harder than ever. The improvement of drilling technology and the selection of drilling technology are becoming more and more important because of the increasing cost of funds and materials needed to exploit underground resources every year. The quality of drill bit in drilling process directly affects drilling progress. It is very important to develop new drilling bit with high drilling efficiency, low cost and long service life. In order to meet the demands of geological, nonferrous, coalfield and petroleum departments for the development and testing of drill bits, it is of great significance to develop an electro-hydraulic microdrill test-bed, which can be used to test the performance of newly developed drill bits. The microdrill test rig can simulate the real drilling conditions, including the movement of rock sample load, the movement of rotary power head, and the movement of feed or lift, etc. It can realize the monitoring, collecting, processing and storing functions of drilling parameters (drilling pressure, drilling speed, torque, rotational speed and ruler) during drilling, and can also establish the database of drilling parameter report forms. According to the requirements of the overall scheme of the microdrill test rig, the task is decomposed, and the whole test rig is divided into two parts, namely, the main part and the control system part. To determine the basic requirements of the micro-drill test bench, the main composition and overall layout of the micro-drilling test bed, the principle of micro-drilling test bed. The drilling parameters of microdrill test bench are calculated theoretically, that is, the rotary speed of the power head, the output torque of the power head and the quantity of the flushing fluid pump are calculated respectively. According to the basic requirements of the microdrill test bench, the rock sample box, main frame parts, movable beam, power head and outer cover are designed respectively. After the design, all parts of the main machine are assembled in a unified way. The control system of microdrill test-bed consists of hydraulic control system and parameter detection and control system. Firstly, the classification of hydraulic control system is introduced briefly. Secondly, according to the design requirements of the micro-drill test rig, the hydraulic control system needs to drive the feed of the power head and the rotary movement, and can realize the stepless speed regulation characteristics of the hydraulic motor. The load characteristics of feed loop and rotary loop of micro drill hydraulic control system are analyzed. According to the calculated drilling parameters (rotary speed of power head, output torque, pump quantity of flushing fluid) and the requirement of micro-drilling condition, the hydraulic pump, hydraulic motor and related parts are selected, and the drilling parameters of micro-drilling are determined. The integral design of hydraulic power pump station is carried out to make its control centralized, easy to operate, beautiful appearance and so on. Finally, the drilling parameter detection and control system of microdrill test bench is designed and analyzed. This paper briefly introduces the principle of parameter detection, analyzes the principles of drilling pressure, rotary speed, drilling speed and depth of advance, respectively, and selects the corresponding sensors. The components are designed and selected, and the micro drill test bench is installed and debugged. The data curve is analyzed by experiment. The experimental results show that the whole performance of the microdrill test-bed is stable and the running stability of the micro-drilling test-bed is verified and the expected goal is achieved.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P634

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