本文選題：地質(zhì)災(zāi)害發(fā)育特征 + ArcGIS��； 參考：《成都理工大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：壽江流域地處四川省北西部阿壩州汶川縣南部,位于邛崍山系、龍門山系之間,系岷江右岸一級支流。區(qū)內(nèi)地質(zhì)條件復(fù)雜、新構(gòu)造運動強烈、降雨豐富,地質(zhì)災(zāi)害頻發(fā),特別是滑坡、崩塌及泥石流地質(zhì)災(zāi)害發(fā)育規(guī)模大、頻率高,嚴重阻礙、威脅到區(qū)內(nèi)的經(jīng)濟建設(shè)以及人民群眾的生命財產(chǎn)安全。因此,進行壽江流域地質(zhì)災(zāi)害調(diào)查及危險性評價,以期對壽江流域防災(zāi)減災(zāi)提供有效支撐。本文在結(jié)合資料收集和野外實際調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,以壽江流域92處地質(zhì)災(zāi)害為研究對象,深入分析地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的分布規(guī)律、發(fā)育特征、形成影響因素,結(jié)合層次分析法、信息量法,基于ArcGIS平臺,完成壽江流域地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險性分析及區(qū)劃,取得的主要成果如下:(1)壽江流域位于龍門山構(gòu)造帶南端,地勢整體西高東低,區(qū)內(nèi)出露馬爾康分區(qū)部分地層、龍門山及四川盆地分區(qū)地層,區(qū)內(nèi)降雨豐富。在這種地質(zhì)環(huán)境背景下,發(fā)育了43處滑坡,41處崩塌,8處泥石流。(2)通過對壽江流域地質(zhì)災(zāi)害調(diào)查、分析,得到以下結(jié)論:(1)從時間來看,壽江流域地質(zhì)災(zāi)害發(fā)生頻率最高主要在每年的5~9月份,尤其是6、7、8月份;(2)從空間分布來看,滑坡災(zāi)害主要分布在漩口~水磨~三江地區(qū),且河流左岸比右岸多;崩塌災(zāi)害主要分布在三江上游的黑石江、中河及西河兩岸,規(guī)模以大型、特大型為主;泥石流災(zāi)害主要分布漩口~水磨~三江地區(qū),類型主要為山區(qū)強降雨誘發(fā)形成的暴雨型泥石流,規(guī)模主要為大中型。(3)通過ArcGIS平臺,建立壽江流域地質(zhì)災(zāi)害個人數(shù)據(jù)庫。運用ArcGIS的空間分析功能,對壽江流域地質(zhì)災(zāi)害形成影響因子進行統(tǒng)計分析,得出最有利于地質(zhì)災(zāi)害發(fā)生的因子組合。統(tǒng)計分析表明:(1)滑坡災(zāi)害在坡度為20~40°、軟硬相間的碎屑巖地區(qū)、降雨量為1050~1075mm范圍內(nèi)敏感性最強;(2)崩塌在坡度為40~60°、堅硬巖漿巖地區(qū)、降雨量為1000~1025mm范圍敏感性最強;(3)泥石流在20~40°、軟硬相間的碎屑巖類、降雨量為1025mm之上敏感性最強。(4)運用基于層次分析的信息量法確定評價因子的信息量權(quán)值。通過構(gòu)建四級指標的層次結(jié)構(gòu)確定評價因子權(quán)重,運用信息量法計算各指標對應(yīng)的信息量權(quán)值,并在ArcGIS中對各評價單元進行信息量賦值。(5)基于Arc GIS平臺的空間加權(quán)總和疊加功能完成壽江流域地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險性評價與區(qū)劃,并將危險區(qū)分為四個等級及所占面積百分比:低危險區(qū)(43.02%)、中危險區(qū)(21.67%)、高危險區(qū)(18.47%)、極高危險區(qū)(16.84%)。(6)利用ROC曲線法,將研究區(qū)危險性區(qū)劃與已知的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害點比較,驗證地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險性評價的預(yù)測結(jié)果。結(jié)果表明,基于信息量法的ArcGIS地質(zhì)災(zāi)害評價結(jié)果有較高的準確性,可將其應(yīng)用到壽江流域的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險性評價中。
[Abstract]:The Shoujiang River Basin is located in the south of Wenchuan County of Aba Prefecture in the north west of Sichuan Province. It is located in Qionglai Mountains and between the Longmen Mountains and is a first grade tributary on the right bank of Minjiang River. The geological conditions in the area are complex, the neotectonic movement is strong, the rainfall is abundant, the geological disasters occur frequently, especially the landslide, collapse and mud-rock flow geological hazards have a large scale, high frequency and serious obstacles. It threatens the economic construction of the region and the safety of the people's lives and property. Therefore, the geological hazard investigation and risk assessment in Shoujiang River Basin are carried out in order to provide effective support for disaster prevention and mitigation in Shoujiang River Basin. On the basis of data collection and field investigation, this paper takes 92 geological disasters in Shoujiang River Basin as the research object, deeply analyzes the distribution law, developmental characteristics, forming factors of geological disasters, and combines the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the method of information quantity. Based on the ArcGIS platform, the geological hazard analysis and zoning of the Shoujiang River Basin are completed. The main results are as follows: the Shoujiang River Basin is located at the southern end of the Longmen Mountain structural belt, with the overall topography being low in the west, high in the east and low in the east, and part of the strata in the Lomalkang subzone is located in the area. Longmen Mountain and Sichuan Basin zoning stratigraphy, rich rainfall in the region. Under the background of this geological environment, 43 landslides, 41 landslips, 41 landslides, 8 debris flows and 2) through the investigation of geological hazards in the Shoujiang River Basin, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) from the time perspective, The frequency of geological hazards in Shoujiang River basin is the highest in May and September of each year, especially in July and August. According to the spatial distribution, the landslide disaster is mainly distributed in the area of Whirlangkou ~ Shuimo ~ Sanjiang River, and the left bank of the river is more than that of the right bank. The collapse disasters are mainly distributed in the upper reaches of the three rivers, the Heishi River, the Middle River and the West River, with a large scale and a large scale; debris flow disasters are mainly distributed in the area of maelstrom to Sanjiang. The main types are heavy rainfall induced torrential rain debris flow in mountainous areas, the scale of which is mainly large and medium. (3) through ArcGIS platform, the personal database of geological hazards in Shoujiang River Basin is established. By using the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS, the factors affecting the formation of geological hazards in the Shoujiang River basin are statistically analyzed, and the most favorable combination of factors for the occurrence of geological disasters is obtained. The statistical analysis shows that the landslide disaster in the area of soft and hard clastic rock with a slope of 20 ~ 40 擄and rainfall of ~ 60 擄is the most sensitive in the range of rainfall within the range of 1050~1075mm) and the landslide is in the area of hard magmatic rock with a slope of 40 ~ 60 擄. Rainfall is the most sensitive in the range of 1000~1025mm.) debris flow is at 20 擄40 擄, soft and hard clastic rocks, and rainfall above 1025mm is the most sensitive. 4) Information quantity method based on AHP is used to determine the information weight of evaluation factors. The weights of evaluation factors are determined by constructing the hierarchical structure of the four levels of indicators, and the corresponding weights of each index are calculated by the method of information quantity. Based on the spatial weighted summation superposition function of Arc GIS platform, the risk assessment and regionalization of geological hazards in Shoujiang River Basin is completed. The dangerous area is divided into four grades and the percentage of area: low risk area (43.02o), middle risk area (21.67m), high risk area (18.47m), extremely high risk area (16.84g). (6) using ROC curve method, the risk zoning of the study area is compared with known geological hazard points. Verify the prediction results of geological hazard risk assessment. The results show that the evaluation results of ArcGIS geological hazards based on the information quantity method have high accuracy and can be applied to the risk assessment of geological hazards in the Shoujiang River basin.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P694

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