本文選題：砌體結(jié)構(gòu) + 三維震害模擬　； 參考：《中國(guó)地震局工程力學(xué)研究所》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著智慧城市新興概念的發(fā)展,建設(shè)三維城市地震災(zāi)場(chǎng)對(duì)于統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃震后救援、震前防災(zāi)演練有著重要的作用。三維地震災(zāi)場(chǎng)能夠直觀的表現(xiàn)出地震區(qū)域建筑的破壞情況,為震前的防震演練工作和震后救援工作提供指導(dǎo)。目前三維城市建模技術(shù)發(fā)展很快,但是在地震中的應(yīng)用較少,其主要原因是國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者目前采用的主流方法是進(jìn)行建筑物單體精細(xì)化建模,然后導(dǎo)入到地理信息平臺(tái)中,這種方法對(duì)于建筑物震害的表現(xiàn)較詳細(xì),但是受計(jì)算機(jī)性能的限制,同時(shí)建模周期長(zhǎng)。由于建筑在地震中有五種破壞等級(jí),這種單體建模的方法就需要對(duì)一個(gè)建筑建立5種模型,同時(shí)還要根據(jù)建筑不同的破壞等級(jí)導(dǎo)入不同的模型,這使得建模的工作量大大增加,同時(shí)建筑模型的更迭速度也大大降低,所以急需一種城市三維模擬技術(shù),既能達(dá)到三維災(zāi)場(chǎng)要求的精細(xì)度,同時(shí)能夠保證建模效率,并保證不同破壞等級(jí)模型的更迭更為簡(jiǎn)潔方便。隨著地理信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展,二維地理信息的分析和處理已經(jīng)滿(mǎn)足不了人們的需要,更加直觀更多信息的城市三維模擬技術(shù)成為了當(dāng)今時(shí)代的主流方向。近些年,隨著智慧城市概念的發(fā)展,城市三維建模技術(shù)有了很大的提高,同時(shí)也遇到了新的問(wèn)題,城市級(jí)別建筑模擬技術(shù)需要建筑模型達(dá)到一定的精細(xì)度,同時(shí)還要兼顧計(jì)算機(jī)的性能,以及三維場(chǎng)景的建立周期。現(xiàn)在主流的城市三維建模技術(shù)主要為傾斜攝影配合三維地理信息平臺(tái),將傾斜攝影的圖片和建筑屬性?huà)旖?達(dá)到模型精度和建模效率同時(shí)提升的效果,對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)的運(yùn)算性能要求高。還有采用手工建立建筑模型導(dǎo)入地理信息平臺(tái)的方法,此方法一般用于項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃,市政工程管理等方面,模型的精細(xì)度高,建模的周期長(zhǎng),數(shù)據(jù)量龐大,對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)要求高,成本也相對(duì)較高。CityEngine軟件提出了規(guī)則建模的概念,將之前的直觀建模轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槌绦蚪?這種將建筑模型規(guī)則化的方法極大地縮短了城市建筑群的建模周期,建立一類(lèi)建筑的規(guī)則文件,應(yīng)用到不同屬性的地塊上,便完成了該類(lèi)建筑的模型建立。同時(shí)建筑模型規(guī)則劃可以將建筑分成不同的構(gòu)件,每個(gè)構(gòu)件也可以賦予不同的屬性值,這樣就為不同破壞等級(jí)的建筑模擬提供了方便。本文利用CityEngine這個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn),完成了對(duì)砌體結(jié)構(gòu)建筑的震害模擬。砌體結(jié)構(gòu)建筑是城市中比較常見(jiàn)的建筑,多用于住宅、醫(yī)院、教學(xué)樓等樓層不高的建筑,建筑形狀相對(duì)規(guī)則,易于分析震害機(jī)理,震害分布存在一定規(guī)律。在中國(guó)砌體結(jié)構(gòu)建筑仍然有很大的數(shù)量,對(duì)于砌體結(jié)構(gòu)的震害模擬有一定的必要性。砌體結(jié)構(gòu)建筑中墻體為主要承重構(gòu)件,墻體破壞對(duì)于結(jié)構(gòu)安全性能影響很大,砌體結(jié)構(gòu)墻體的震害特征也十分明顯。本文的主要研究工作為:1.通過(guò)理論分析砌體結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件剪力與強(qiáng)度的關(guān)系,推導(dǎo)出構(gòu)件裂縫等級(jí)的計(jì)算方法,并應(yīng)用到簡(jiǎn)化模型上,為砌體結(jié)構(gòu)震害分布規(guī)律提供理論基礎(chǔ);2.通過(guò)震害實(shí)例統(tǒng)計(jì)分析得到砌體結(jié)構(gòu)震害分布規(guī)律,設(shè)計(jì)震害實(shí)例統(tǒng)計(jì)方法,給出砌體結(jié)構(gòu)震害分布計(jì)算流程,根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果,得到震害分布函數(shù)L(d)、M(d)、H(d)、樓層影響函數(shù)F(i)、構(gòu)件影響系數(shù)β_j、形狀影響系數(shù)γ_k;3.在CityEngine平臺(tái)中應(yīng)用震害分布規(guī)律計(jì)算方法,模擬出單個(gè)簡(jiǎn)化模型建筑的震害分布情況,并以汶川縣城為例,模擬城市級(jí)別的砌體結(jié)構(gòu)震害分布情況。
[Abstract]:With the development of the new concept of Intelligent City, the construction of three dimensional urban earthquake disaster field plays an important role in planning the rescue after the earthquake and the disaster prevention and rehearsal before the earthquake. The three-dimensional earthquake field can directly show the destruction of the earthquake area building, and provide guidance for the earthquake prevention and rehearsal before the earthquake and the rescue work after the earthquake. The development of modeling technology is very fast, but it is seldom used in earthquake. The main reason is that the mainstream method used by domestic scholars is to carry out the fine modeling of the building monomer, and then import it into the geographic information platform. This method is more detailed in the performance of the earthquake damage, but is limited by the computer performance, and the modeling cycle is at the same time. Long. Since there are five types of destruction in an earthquake, this single modeling method needs to set up 5 models for a building. At the same time, it is necessary to import different models according to the different damage grades of the building, which makes the workload of the modeling greatly increased and the changing speed of the building model is greatly reduced, so the city is in urgent need of a city. Three-dimensional simulation technology can not only achieve the precision of the three dimensional disaster field, but also ensure the efficiency of modeling, and ensure that the change of different damage level model is more concise and convenient. With the development of geographic information technology, the analysis and processing of two-dimensional geographic information can not meet the needs of people and more information more in the city. In recent years, with the development of the concept of Intelligent City, with the development of the concept of Intelligent City, the technology of three-dimensional modeling of city has been greatly improved, and new problems have been encountered. The simulation technology of urban level building needs to achieve a certain degree of refinement, at the same time, the performance of the computer and the three-dimensional scene should be taken into account. The mainstream urban 3D modeling technology is mainly for the tilt photography matching with the three-dimensional geographic information platform, which hangs the picture and building properties of the tilt camera, achieves the effect of improving the model accuracy and the modeling efficiency simultaneously, and requires high computing performance of the computer. The manual building model is also used to import geographic information by hand. The method of platform is generally used in project planning, municipal engineering management and so on. The precision of the model is high, the period of modeling is long, the amount of data is huge, the requirement of the computer is high and the cost is relatively high, the concept of rule modeling is put forward in.CityEngine software, and the previous intuitionistic modeling is transformed into the program modeling, which will rule the rules of the building model. The method greatly shortens the period of the modeling of the urban building group, establishes a class of rules of the building, and applies it to the plots of different properties, and completes the model of this kind of building. This article makes use of the advantage of CityEngine. This paper makes use of the advantages of this paper to simulate the earthquake damage to masonry structures. Masonry structure is a common building in the city. It is often used in residential buildings, hospitals, teaching buildings and other buildings, which are relatively regular in the shape of buildings, easy to analyze the mechanism of earthquake damage, and the distribution of earthquake damage. In certain rules, there are still a large number of masonry structures in China, which is necessary for the earthquake damage simulation of masonry structures. The walls in masonry structures are the main load-bearing components, the wall destruction has a great influence on the safety of the structure, and the seismic damage characteristics of the masonry structure wall are very obvious. The main research work of this paper is the main research work of this paper. 1.: through the theoretical analysis of the relationship between the shear strength and the strength of the masonry structure, the calculation method of the crack grade of the component is deduced and applied to the simplified model to provide the theoretical basis for the distribution of the masonry structure. 2. the distribution law of the earthquake damage of masonry structure is obtained by the statistical analysis of the earthquake damage cases, and the statistical method of earthquake damage examples is designed and the construction of the earthquake damage example is given. According to the statistical results, the seismic damage distribution function L (d), M (d), H (d), the floor influence function F (I), the influence coefficient beta _j and the shape influence coefficient gamma _k are obtained. 3. the earthquake damage distribution of the single simplified model building is simulated by using the calculation method of the seismic damage distribution law in the CityEngine platform, and the Wenchuan county city is used as the result. For example, simulate the earthquake damage distribution of masonry structures at city level.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地震局工程力學(xué)研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P315.9

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