本文選題：地震型滑坡 + 高分辨率遙感��； 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：汶川地震引發(fā)的大量滑坡給人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)造成巨大損失,引起政府的高度重視和社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注。鑒于地震滑坡災(zāi)害的嚴(yán)峻形勢(shì)及其帶來的重大損失,積極應(yīng)對(duì)震后滑坡應(yīng)急調(diào)查及災(zāi)害評(píng)估,對(duì)滑坡災(zāi)害進(jìn)行信息提取,快速獲取災(zāi)害范圍及其分布情況,是受災(zāi)地區(qū)的迫切要求,也是提供應(yīng)急響應(yīng)措施及防災(zāi)減災(zāi)戰(zhàn)略重大而迫切的需求,具有十分重要的科學(xué)和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。近年來,運(yùn)用多時(shí)相、多分辨率、多傳感器的遙感數(shù)據(jù)及遙感圖像處理技術(shù)進(jìn)行災(zāi)害信息提取出現(xiàn)在地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)之中,對(duì)減災(zāi)防災(zāi)及災(zāi)后重建等方面發(fā)揮了不可替代的作用。隨著遙感技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,高分辨率遙感衛(wèi)星也取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步。高分辨率遙感影像具有豐富的幾何紋理信息,能夠提供地表大量的細(xì)節(jié)信息,展開了遙感應(yīng)用的新紀(jì)元。國產(chǎn)高分辨率遙感衛(wèi)星的相繼發(fā)射也推動(dòng)了國產(chǎn)衛(wèi)星應(yīng)用的蓬勃發(fā)展。本文選取汶川縣雁門鄉(xiāng)一帶作為研究區(qū)域,利用資源一號(hào)02C、資源三號(hào)、高分一號(hào)等國產(chǎn)高分辨率遙感影像及地形地貌數(shù)據(jù),綜合面向?qū)ο蟮男畔⑻崛〖夹g(shù)開展地震型滑坡信息提取研究。利用尺度估計(jì)工具選取相對(duì)最優(yōu)分割尺度,并用多尺度分割技術(shù)對(duì)影像進(jìn)行對(duì)象分割,以此避免憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)選取分割尺度的盲目性。在綜合分析地震型滑坡自身特點(diǎn)及其在高分辨率影像上成像特征的基礎(chǔ)上,利用信息增益法進(jìn)行特征選擇,選取影像光譜特征、紋理特征、幾何特征及地形地貌特征等作為分類依據(jù)。通過遙感影像上滑坡區(qū)域的特征值確定閾值,根據(jù)閾值分布特征選取隸屬度函數(shù)建立提取規(guī)則集,對(duì)地震型滑坡信息進(jìn)行提取。提取結(jié)果顯示,該區(qū)地震型滑坡主要沿河流兩岸分布且位于斷層兩側(cè),在震源周圍分布比較密集,通過與人工目視解譯結(jié)果對(duì)比,本文所提出的基于多源數(shù)據(jù)的面向?qū)ο筇崛》椒ㄗ畲筇崛【冗_(dá)72%以上。綜合研究表明,運(yùn)用面向?qū)ο蟮姆诸惙椒ㄔ诙嘣催b感影像上對(duì)地震誘發(fā)的突發(fā)性滑坡(地表破壞嚴(yán)重,規(guī)模大)進(jìn)行信息提取具有可行性,可為地質(zhì)災(zāi)害及其孕災(zāi)環(huán)境的宏觀調(diào)查、災(zāi)害體監(jiān)測(cè)與評(píng)估以及災(zāi)后應(yīng)急調(diào)查提供重要技術(shù)支撐,在地震型滑坡信息提取中具有較大的應(yīng)用潛能。
[Abstract]:A large number of landslides caused by Wenchuan earthquake caused great losses to people's lives and property, which caused great attention by the government and the society. In view of the severe situation of earthquake and landslide disaster and its great loss, the emergency investigation and assessment of landslide after earthquake should be actively dealt with, and the information of landslide disaster should be extracted, and the scope and distribution of landslide disaster should be obtained quickly. It is the urgent demand of the disaster-stricken areas, and it is also the important and urgent need to provide the emergency response measures and the strategy of disaster prevention and mitigation, which has very important scientific and practical significance. In recent years, disaster information extraction using multi-temporal, multi-resolution and multi-sensor remote sensing data and remote sensing image processing technology appears in every link of geological disaster prevention and control. It plays an irreplaceable role in disaster reduction and disaster prevention and reconstruction. With the rapid development of remote sensing technology, high-resolution remote sensing satellite has made great progress. High resolution remote sensing images are rich in geometric texture information and can provide a large amount of detailed information on the surface of the earth, thus opening a new era of remote sensing applications. The successive launches of domestic high-resolution remote sensing satellites also promote the vigorous development of domestic satellite applications. In this paper, Yanmen Township, Wenchuan County, is selected as the research area, and the domestic high-resolution remote sensing images and topographic and geomorphological data, such as Resource-02C, Resource-No.3 and Gaofian No. 1, are used. Based on the object-oriented information extraction technology, the seismic landslide information extraction research is carried out. The scale estimation tool is used to select the relative optimal segmentation scale, and the multi-scale segmentation technique is used to segment the image, so as to avoid the blindness of selecting the segmentation scale based on experience. On the basis of synthetically analyzing the characteristics of seismic landslide and its imaging feature on high resolution image, the feature selection is carried out by using information gain method, and the spectral feature and texture feature of image are selected. Geometric features and landform features are used as the classification basis. The threshold value is determined by the eigenvalue of landslide area in remote sensing image, and the rule set is established by selecting membership function according to the distribution feature of threshold value, and the information of seismic landslide is extracted. The results show that the seismic landslide is mainly distributed along the banks of the river and located on both sides of the fault, and is densely distributed around the epicenter. The results are compared with the results of artificial visual interpretation. The maximum extraction accuracy of the method based on multi-source data is over 72%. The comprehensive research shows that it is feasible to extract the information of earthquake induced sudden landslide (serious ground damage and large scale) by using object oriented classification method in multi-source remote sensing images. It can provide important technical support for macroscopical investigation of geological hazards and their environment, monitoring and evaluation of disaster bodies and post-disaster emergency investigation, and has great application potential in seismic landslide information extraction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P642.22

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