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  本文選題：依賴頻率的AVO + “暗點”型儲層�。� 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：地震勘探技術(shù)不斷的進步與提高,且淺層油氣儲集層不斷的勘探與開發(fā),導(dǎo)致勘探目標(biāo)的區(qū)域逐漸的縮小,有效儲層預(yù)測精度的要求也越來越高,因此需要更有效的流體識別方法。疊后地震數(shù)據(jù)能夠反映同相軸的強弱連續(xù)特征,但是對于波阻抗上沒有明顯特征的復(fù)雜油藏的描述存在著很大的問題,而疊前地震數(shù)據(jù)充分保留地震反射振幅隨偏移距或入射角變化的特征。本文基于地震反射振幅隨偏移距(或入射角)和頻率共同變化的本質(zhì)特征,主要研究了依賴頻率的AVO方法;并且在依賴頻率的AVO反演方法中提出了特征頻率或頻段提取的交會分析方法;同時利用依賴頻率的AVO分析方法進行“暗點”型儲層的研究;最后將依賴頻率的AVO反演方法運用于實際資料,提出了頻散程度屬性組合型因子。研究的工作和進展包括以下內(nèi)容:(1)提出了一種新的依賴頻率的AVO地震響應(yīng)數(shù)值模擬方法,基于Chapman動態(tài)等效介質(zhì)理論,將依賴頻率的速度頻散引入反射系數(shù)的計算中,利用相移法波動方程正演方法計算依賴頻率的AVO疊前角度道集,從而最大程度地挖掘其不同頻率地震反射的特征參數(shù)(振幅、頻散和衰減等)隨頻率和入射角變化的特征,檢測與儲層相關(guān)的地震頻散與衰減異常。(2)對于依賴頻率的AVO反演方法參考頻率的選擇,提出了一種提取特征頻率或頻段的交會分析方法�？伤阉髯蠲舾械奶卣黝l率作為疊前頻散屬性反演的參考頻率,從而最大限度地突出儲層含不同流體時的頻散差異,實現(xiàn)不同流體類型的區(qū)分和識別。(3)研究了“暗點”型儲層的形成機理及其異常的識別方法�；贑hapman動態(tài)等效介質(zhì)理論與依賴頻率的AVO數(shù)值模擬方法,引入依賴頻率的速度頻散效應(yīng),形成“暗點”型儲層依賴頻率的疊前角道集記錄,模擬頻散砂巖孔隙由水替換為氣時與上層彈性介質(zhì)之間的反射界面振幅減弱(“暗點”)的特征,挖掘砂巖流體替換時地震反射的特征參數(shù)隨頻率和入射角變化的特征。同時利用依賴頻率的AVO反演方法計算砂巖含不同流體類型時的縱橫波頻散程度屬性。結(jié)果表明砂巖孔隙由水替換為氣時,其頂界面的振幅減弱,但頻散特征更加明顯,并且反演的縱橫波頻散程度屬性在儲層頂?shù)捉缑婢霈F(xiàn)明顯的強異常特征,尤其橫波頻散程度屬性最為明顯。說明依賴頻率的AVO方法能夠克服“暗點”型儲層振幅弱的缺點,從而突出與流體信息相關(guān)的頻散強異常特征,為該類儲層的識別提供有效的手段。(4)將依賴頻率的AVO反演方法應(yīng)用于實際資料,取得了較好的效果�；诓ㄗ杩菇M合型高靈敏度流體識別因子的思想,將縱橫波頻散程度屬性aI與bI組合構(gòu)建新的流體識別因子。將其應(yīng)用于實際資料中,使不同流體層的頻散程度屬性差別增大,有利于突出和放大因孔隙流體所致的儲層頻散特征異常,減小與流體無關(guān)的背景干擾和影響,更加清晰地刻畫出有效儲層的邊界,總體來說對于儲層流體識別有較好的效果。
[Abstract]:The continuous progress and improvement of seismic exploration technology and the continuous exploration and development of shallow oil and gas reservoirs lead to the gradual reduction of the area of the exploration target and the higher requirements for the prediction accuracy of the effective reservoir. Therefore, a more effective fluid identification method is needed. There are great problems in the description of complex reservoirs with no obvious characteristics of Yu Bo impedance, and pre stack seismic data fully retain the characteristics of seismic reflection amplitude variation with offset or incident angle. Based on the essential characteristics of the seismic reflection amplitude changing with the offset distance (or incident angle) and frequency, the main study of the frequency dependent AVO is the frequency. In the method of frequency dependent AVO inversion, a rendezvous analysis method is proposed for the extraction of characteristic frequency or frequency band. At the same time, the study of "dark point" type reservoir is carried out by using the AVO analysis method of frequency dependence. Finally, the frequency dependent AVO inversion method is applied to the actual data, and the combination factor of dispersion degree attribute is proposed. The work and progress include the following contents: (1) a new frequency dependent AVO seismic response numerical simulation method is proposed. Based on the Chapman dynamic equivalent medium theory, the frequency dispersion dependence of frequency is introduced into the calculation of the reflection coefficient, and the AVO prestack angle set of dependent frequency is calculated by the phase shift wave equation forward square method. The characteristics of the characteristic parameters (amplitude, frequency dispersion and attenuation) of the seismic reflection of different frequencies (amplitude, frequency and attenuation, etc.) vary with the frequency and incidence angle to detect the seismic dispersion and attenuation anomalies associated with the reservoir. (2) a rendezvous analysis side for extracting characteristic frequencies or frequency bands is proposed for the selection of the frequency of the frequency dependent AVO inversion method. Method. The most sensitive feature frequency can be searched as the reference frequency of the pre stack frequency dispersion property, thus maximizing the dispersion difference of the reservoir with different fluids and realizing the differentiation and recognition of different fluid types. (3) the formation mechanism of the "dark" type reservoir and the identification method of the anomaly are studied. Based on the dynamic equivalent medium of Chapman The qualitative theory and frequency dependent AVO numerical simulation method introduced the frequency dispersion effect of dependent frequency to form a "dark point" type of reservoir dependent prestack trace collection, which simulated the characteristics of the amplitude reduction ("dark point") of the reflection interface between the pore of the dispersion sandstone and the upper elastic medium. The characteristic parameters of the characteristic parameters of the time-varying seismic reflection vary with the frequency and the incidence angle. At the same time, the frequency dispersion degree of the vertical and horizontal waves in sandstone with different fluid types is calculated by using the AVO inversion method of dependent frequency. The results show that the amplitude of the top interface is weakened when the sandstone pores are replaced by water, but the frequency dispersion characteristics are more obvious and the inversion is longitudinal. The intensity attribute of transverse wave dispersion has obvious strong anomaly characteristics at the top and bottom interface of the reservoir, especially the frequency dispersion degree of the shear wave is most obvious. It shows that the frequency dependent AVO method can overcome the weakness of the weak amplitude of the "dark" type reservoir, so as to highlight the characteristics of the strong frequency dispersion related to the fluid information, and provide an effective method for the identification of this kind of reservoir. (4) (4) the frequency dependent inversion method is applied to the actual data, and a better effect is obtained. Based on the thought of high sensitivity fluid identification factor, a new fluid identification factor is constructed by combining the dispersion degree attribute aI of the vertical and horizontal wave and bI, and is applied to the actual data to make the dispersion degree of different fluid layers belong to the different fluid layers. The increase of the sexual difference is helpful to highlight and amplify the dispersion characteristics of reservoir caused by pore fluid, reduce the background interference and influence which is not related to the fluid, and more clearly depict the boundary of the effective reservoir. In general, it has a good effect on the reservoir fluid identification.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.4

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本文編號：1842797