本文選題：定向電磁波測井 + 隨鉆測井　； 參考：《西安石油大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：定向電磁波電阻率測井儀器除含有軸向天線外還含有傾斜天線或橫向天線,可提供多種探測深度的相位差和幅度比,大大提高了隨鉆電磁波傳播測量技術的定向探測能力、方位靈敏性和信息量,從而提高了該技術對未鉆地層界面位置及方位的鉆前預測能力,尤其適合于薄儲集層導向鉆進、油水界面識別、復雜地層判定預警等地質導向作業(yè)。本論文研究定向電磁波電阻率測井理論,設計定向電磁波測井儀器的線圈系參數(shù),研究和分析各種測井環(huán)境對定向隨鉆電磁波測井響應的影響。研究內容主要分為以下四個部分:第一部分闡述了定向電磁波電阻率測井儀器的結構和測量原理。從電磁波電阻率測井儀器的測量原理出發(fā),推導傾斜線圈的電磁場響應及坐標系轉換公式,最終闡述了定向電磁波電阻率測井儀器測量信號的電阻率幅值比和相位差計算公式。第二部分完成定向電磁波電阻率測井儀器參數(shù)的設計。應用COMSOL有限元數(shù)值模擬軟件計算定向電磁波電阻率測井儀器不同參數(shù)下的測井響應,分析儀器工作頻率、發(fā)射線圈與接收線圈的傾斜角度,以及發(fā)射接收線圈間距等參數(shù)對儀器響應特性的影響,從而合理設計定向電磁波電阻率測井儀器的儀器參數(shù)。結果表明:當儀器工作頻率為低頻時,接收到的幅值信號小,衰減速度慢,探測范圍大,但對地層電導率不敏感。均勻地層中,線圈傾斜角度越大,接收到的信號幅值越小,相位角衰減越快。當不同對比度地層存在時,可以利用交叉分量識別層界面位置和兩側電導率對比度。源距小時,接收信號受直耦信號影響大于受地層電導率變化影響。增大源距能夠增加探測深度,但源距大時,接收線圈電壓幅值減小,易受噪聲影響。第三部分研究定向電磁波電阻率測井的井眼影響和環(huán)境影響。首先計算分析定向電磁波電阻率測井儀器8個線圈對受井徑、偏心距、泥漿和地層電導率四個參數(shù)的影響特征。結果表明:儀器居中時,小源距的線圈對響應受井徑、泥漿和地層電導率影響嚴重,大源距的線圈對所受影響較小。儀器偏心時,接收線圈R3和R4可分別探測到x方向和y方向的偏心。泥漿電導率大時,大源距的線圈對所受偏心影響較大,且隨著偏心距的增大,偏心影響逐漸增大。其次計算分析了侵入和圍巖環(huán)境下的定向電磁波電阻率測井響應�？疾烨秩牒蛧鷰r的各種影響因素,結果表明:在侵入環(huán)境下,短源距線圈對接收信號的定向幅度衰減和定向相移值較大。存在圍巖時,儀器測井響應受到層界面的影響。定向幅度衰減在地層交界面處尖角的峰值增大,這種現(xiàn)象有利于預測未鉆地層界面的存在。目的層和圍巖層電阻率對比度很大時,長源距線圈對定向相移在地層邊界處的峰值向下翻轉,在這種情況下,不能簡單地利用相移來判斷地層界面的存在。第四部分計算分析定向電磁波電阻率測井的電流分布特性,研究測井響應與電流分布特性的關系。通過改變地層之間電導率對比度,改變發(fā)射源在地層中的位置,儀器在井眼中的偏心距,分析得出:在井眼模型中,儀器居中時,電流密度曲線是軸對稱且均勻分布的閉合同心橢圓環(huán);儀器偏心時,電流線不對稱,且隨著偏心距的增大,一側電流線越密,而另一側電流線越疏。當儀器一側靠近井眼邊界時,井壁上產生電流的折射,使得電流線分布不規(guī)則。侵入帶半徑變化對電流流動產生的影響很小。存在圍巖時,當儀器在目的層中心位置處、地層與圍巖邊界附近以及儀器處于圍巖時,隨著地層電導率對比度的變化,會在地層界面產生不同程度的反射和折射。當電流線以一定角度穿過地層層時,會發(fā)生折射現(xiàn)象。而當入射角度越來越大時或地層電導率對比度越大時,流線會出現(xiàn)反射現(xiàn)象。研究定向電磁波電阻率測井的響應特性,對自主研發(fā)定向隨鉆電磁波測井儀器具有重要的理論和實際意義。
[Abstract]:In addition to the axial antenna, the directional electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument also contains the inclined antenna or the lateral antenna, which can provide the phase difference and amplitude ratio of various depth of detection. It greatly improves the directional detection ability, azimuth sensitivity and information amount of the electromagnetic wave propagation measurement technology, thus improving the position of the non drilling interface. The pre drilling prediction ability of the azimuth and azimuth is especially suitable for the guide drilling of the thin reservoir, the identification of oil-water interface, the prediction and early warning of the complex formation. This paper studies the theory of the directional electromagnetic wave resistivity logging, designs the coil parameters of the directional electromagnetic wave logging instrument, and studies and analyzes the electromagnetic wave of directional drilling in various logging environments. The research content of the logging response is divided into four parts: the first part describes the structure and measurement principle of the directional electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument. From the principle of the electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument, the electromagnetic response and the coordinate transformation formula of the inclined coil are derived, and the directional electromagnetic wave resistance is finally expounded. The second part completes the design of the parameters of the directional electromagnetic wave resistivity logging tool. The COMSOL finite element numerical simulation software is used to calculate the logging response of the different parameters of the directional electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument, the analysis of the working frequency of the instrument, the launching coil and the connection. The influence of the inclination angle of the coil and the spacing of the transmitting and receiving coil on the response characteristic of the instrument, so as to rationally design the instrument parameters of the directional electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument. The results show that when the working frequency of the instrument is low frequency, the received amplitude signal is small, the attenuation speed is slow, the detection range is large, but the electrical conductivity is not sensitive to the formation. In homogeneous formation, the larger the angle of the coil is, the smaller the amplitude of the received signal, the faster the phase angle attenuation. When the different contrast strata exist, the cross component can be used to identify the interface position and the contrast of the electrical conductivity. The source distance is more affected by the direct coupling signal than the change of the conductivity of the stratum. It can increase the depth of detection, but when the source distance is large, the amplitude of the received coil voltage is reduced and the noise is easily affected. The third part studies the borehole influence and the environmental impact of the directional electromagnetic wave resistivity logging. First, we calculate and analyze the four parameters of the 8 coils of the directional electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument for the bore diameter, eccentricity, mud and formation conductivity. The results show that, when the instrument is in the middle, the small source distance coil has a serious influence on the diameter of the well, the mud and the conductivity of the formation, and the large source distance is less affected by the coil. When the instrument is eccentric, the receiving coil R3 and R4 can detect the eccentricity of the X direction and the Y direction respectively. When the mud conductivity is large, the large source distance coils are affected by the eccentricity of the coils. The effect of eccentricity increases gradually with the increase of eccentricity. Secondly, the response of directional electromagnetic wave resistivity logging in the environment of intrusion and surrounding rock is calculated and analyzed. Various influence factors of invasion and surrounding rock are investigated. The results show that the directional amplitude attenuation and directional phase shift of the received signal are larger in the intrusive environment. In the surrounding rock, the logging response of the instrument is affected by the layer interface. The orientation amplitude attenuates at the peak of the sharp angle at the interface of the stratum. This phenomenon is helpful to predict the existence of the non drilling stratum interface. The long source distance coil turns to the peak value of the directional phase shift to the boundary of the stratum. The fourth part calculates the current distribution characteristics of the directional electromagnetic wave resistivity log and studies the relationship between the logging response and the current distribution characteristics. By changing the contrast of the conductivity between the strata, the position of the source in the formation is changed, and the instrument is in the well eye. The eccentricity analysis shows that in the borehole model, the current density curve is a closed concentric elliptical ring with axisymmetric and uniform distribution when the instrument is in the middle. When the instrument is eccentric, the current line is asymmetrical, and with the increase of the eccentricity, the more dense the current line is, and the other side of the current line is thinning. When the side of the instrument is near the borehole boundary, the current is produced on the wall. Refraction makes the distribution of the current line irregular. The influence of the change of the radius of the intrusive zone on the current flow is very small. When the surrounding rock is in the center of the target layer, near the boundary of the stratum and the surrounding rock and the instrument is in the surrounding rock, with the change of the contrast degree of the conductivity of the stratum, the reflection and folding of different degree will be produced at the stratum interface. Refraction occurs when the current line passes through a layer of ground at a certain angle. The reflection phenomenon will appear when the angle of incidence becomes larger and the contrast of the formation conductivity is greater. The study of the response characteristics of the directional electromagnetic wave resistivity logging has important theory and reality for the independent research and development of directional drilling electromagnetic logging instruments. Intertemporal meaning.

【學位授予單位】：西安石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.811

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