十三間房及周圍地區(qū)煤系烴源巖評(píng)價(jià)及油氣成藏機(jī)制研究
本文選題:煤系烴源巖 + 井-震聯(lián)合反演。 參考:《中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年博士論文
【摘要】:吐哈盆地臺(tái)北凹陷十三間房地區(qū)是潛在的油氣勘探接替區(qū)域,由于勘探程度較低,目前對(duì)該地區(qū)烴源巖發(fā)育情況的研究較少,尚未進(jìn)行過系統(tǒng)的分析,烴源巖特征及分布發(fā)育情況不確定。研究區(qū)生儲(chǔ)蓋條件分析較為粗淺,油氣與源巖特征的相關(guān)性分析不足,對(duì)油氣藏成藏條件及規(guī)律研究缺乏研究。由于以上原因,嚴(yán)重制約了十三間房地區(qū)油氣勘探的進(jìn)程。本文充分利用地球化學(xué)、層序地層學(xué)、石油地質(zhì)學(xué)、地震地層學(xué)等理論結(jié)合測(cè)井技術(shù)、井-震聯(lián)合反演技術(shù)、盆地模擬技術(shù)對(duì)十三間房地區(qū)層序地層特征、煤系烴源巖特征及油氣成藏、運(yùn)移機(jī)制進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究,并總結(jié)形成了一套煤系烴源巖評(píng)價(jià)及成藏、運(yùn)移機(jī)制研究的方法,以期為十三間房油氣勘探提供科學(xué)的依據(jù)。論文主要取得以下認(rèn)識(shí)及成果:(1)十三間房及周緣地區(qū)烴源巖條件較好,研究區(qū)TOC值發(fā)育層段主要集中在SQ2層序內(nèi)。研究區(qū)內(nèi)生儲(chǔ)蓋條件較為發(fā)育,具有一定的生烴潛力。十三間房及周圍地區(qū)侏羅系煤巖有機(jī)顯微組分均以鏡質(zhì)組為主,殼質(zhì)組和腐泥組含量較大,惰質(zhì)組含量較少。烴源巖的有機(jī)質(zhì)豐度較高,其中煤樣綜合評(píng)價(jià)為好生油氣源巖;炭質(zhì)泥巖評(píng)價(jià)為好生油氣源巖;暗色泥巖評(píng)價(jià)為差-中等生油氣源巖。有機(jī)質(zhì)成熟度處于低成熟-成熟階段,有機(jī)質(zhì)類型主要以III型為主。利用井-震聯(lián)合反演方法確定了研究區(qū)TOC的含量和分布特征,研究區(qū)主要生烴地層分布在西山窯組,層序地層主要為SQ2,SQ2層序內(nèi)源巖厚度分布在0-350m之間,平均為124m,源巖厚度最大區(qū)域位于山前帶和南斜坡西北角,源巖TOC值最大約為3.6%,分布在南斜坡西北部,源巖TOC值大于1%的地區(qū)主要分布在研究區(qū)南斜坡內(nèi)和了墩隆起中間部位。十三間房地區(qū)中侏羅統(tǒng)西山窯組儲(chǔ)層發(fā)育、三間房和七克臺(tái)組不發(fā)育。研究區(qū)主要發(fā)育次生孔隙,儲(chǔ)集空間主要有粒間孔、粒間溶孔、晶間孔、粒內(nèi)溶孔等,但以原生粒間孔和粒內(nèi)溶孔最為普遍。在垂直方向上,600m以上地層孔隙主要為受壓實(shí)作用控制的壓余原生孔隙,600-1500m地層孔隙類型主要為受壓實(shí)、壓溶作用產(chǎn)生的殘留的原生孔隙,1500-2200m溶蝕作用加強(qiáng),主要發(fā)育受壓實(shí)、壓溶作用產(chǎn)生的次生孔隙和殘留的原生孔隙組成的混合孔隙,2200m以下孔隙類型主要為溶蝕作用產(chǎn)生的次生孔隙。十三間房地區(qū)主要存在兩套蓋層,第一套蓋層為七克臺(tái)組中上部大段泥巖,連同上覆齊古組大套泥巖,這套蓋層厚度大,分布穩(wěn)定,封蓋性能較好。第二套蓋層為三間房組下部以泥巖為主的地層。這套蓋層具有一種厚度稍薄,但橫向變化小,成巖性好,具有一定的封蓋能力。研究區(qū)發(fā)育山前大步斷褶構(gòu)造帶和十三間房構(gòu)造帶。山前帶圈閉以斷背斜為主。南斜坡圈閉相對(duì)分散,成帶性差,但多數(shù)仍是斷背斜和背斜。研究區(qū)主要發(fā)育斷層、砂體及斷層-砂體復(fù)合型輸導(dǎo)體系,具備構(gòu)造-巖性復(fù)合型油氣藏的形成條件。(2)研究區(qū)地層溫度及烴源巖成熟度均表現(xiàn)為北高南低,西高東低,這與烴源巖的埋藏深度有較大關(guān)系。研究區(qū)侏羅系中晚期及白堊系早期是研究區(qū)油氣生成及聚集成藏的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。研究區(qū)原油母質(zhì)主要來自植物蠟、孢粉等高碳數(shù)。天然氣主要以為煤成氣為主。對(duì)研究區(qū)一維、二維及三維埋藏史、熱史及成熟度史進(jìn)行了分析。埋藏史模擬結(jié)果顯示研究區(qū)總共有兩個(gè)地層沉降時(shí)期,分別為中、上侏羅統(tǒng)時(shí)期及三疊系中后期,這兩個(gè)地層沉積時(shí)期內(nèi)研究區(qū)地層快速沉積,地層沉降速率普遍較大。溫度史模擬顯示研究區(qū)地層溫度從侏羅系開始不斷降低,地層埋深越大,溫度越高。西山窯組地層溫度分布在70℃-150℃之間,地層溫度較小區(qū)域位于研究區(qū)南部和東部,南北向地層約在1750m處溫度達(dá)到90℃,東西向剖面約在1800m處達(dá)到90℃。研究區(qū)地層溫度整體上呈現(xiàn)為北高南低,西高東低,其中溫度最高區(qū)域位于研究區(qū)西北部。成熟度史模擬結(jié)果顯示研究區(qū)鏡質(zhì)組反射率范圍分布在0.2%-1.5%之間。中、下侏羅統(tǒng)烴源巖大約侏羅系晚期開始進(jìn)入生烴門限,對(duì)應(yīng)的門限深度大約為1500m,溫度大約為90°C。二維成熟度史模擬結(jié)果顯示在研究區(qū)相同層位,北部地區(qū)的成熟度要遠(yuǎn)高于南部地區(qū),西部地區(qū)源巖成熟度大于東部地區(qū)。西北部地區(qū)西山窯組處于中等成熟階段,其下部烴源巖已達(dá)到生烴高峰;整體上,除了研究區(qū)南半部和東部仍處于未成熟階段之外,其他地區(qū)地層單元均已成熟,成熟度總體上也是西高東低,北高南低。研究區(qū)油氣生成均從侏羅系中晚期開始,油氣生成后迅速進(jìn)入排烴階段,并在白堊系早期進(jìn)入生烴高峰期。烴源巖生氣量大于生油量,兩者比值介于2-5之間,埋深越大,生烴量越高。烴源巖生排烴時(shí)間與研究區(qū)構(gòu)造形成時(shí)間相匹配,侏羅系中晚期及白堊系早期是研究區(qū)油氣生成及聚集成藏的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。對(duì)研究區(qū)油氣成因類型、油氣資源類型及油氣資源量分析研究表明,研究區(qū)樣品有機(jī)質(zhì)主要來源于低等水生生物,源巖演化程度較低,原油母質(zhì)主要來自植物蠟、孢粉等高碳數(shù)。天然氣主要以為煤成氣為主。研究區(qū)油氣成兩期成藏,成藏期分別為早白堊世和上新世。研究區(qū)主要存在天然氣和石油2種油氣資源,石油總量約為194.2Mm3,天然氣總量約為557.29Mm3。(3)十三間房地區(qū)研究區(qū)源巖在侏羅系沉積末期開始生氣,白堊系早期具備一定生烴規(guī)模。研究區(qū)油氣運(yùn)移路徑主要受盆地的構(gòu)造特征控制,油氣藏多聚集在構(gòu)造高位。油氣多儲(chǔ)存于西山窯組四段(J2x4)和三間房組二段(J2s2),油氣藏多為“自生自儲(chǔ)”。預(yù)測(cè)研究區(qū)存在背斜油氣藏、斷鼻型油氣藏和構(gòu)造-巖性油氣藏。研究區(qū)油氣運(yùn)移顯示層位主要集中在三間房組、西山窯組、三工河組和八道灣組,各個(gè)地層內(nèi)含油氣層較多,其中氣顯示占絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì),這表明該地區(qū)可能存在氣藏。研究區(qū)源巖在侏羅系沉積末期(145Ma)開始生氣,白堊系早期(136Ma)具備一定生烴規(guī)模,油氣開始進(jìn)行二次運(yùn)移。地層沉積與斷層活動(dòng)和蓋層發(fā)育形成相互作用,斷裂的形成和開啟促進(jìn)了源巖生成的天然氣運(yùn)移至儲(chǔ)集層中聚集成藏,侏羅系中-晚期沉積時(shí)期是研究區(qū)天然氣成藏關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。研究區(qū)油氣運(yùn)移路徑主要受盆地的構(gòu)造特征控制,油氣藏多聚集在構(gòu)造高位。在側(cè)向上,油氣延砂體沿兩側(cè)運(yùn)聚,在構(gòu)造高部位聚集成藏。在垂向上,II類斷裂是油氣向上運(yùn)移的通道,油氣多儲(chǔ)存于西山窯組四段(J_2x~4)和三間房組二段(J_2s~2),油氣藏多為“自生自儲(chǔ)”。從油氣運(yùn)聚成藏演化過程結(jié)果可以看出,研究區(qū)的油氣運(yùn)聚成藏與構(gòu)造特征相匹配,也即油氣藏形成于構(gòu)造發(fā)育及定性時(shí)期。三維油氣運(yùn)移模擬結(jié)果表明,在侏羅系中期西山窯組(J_2x)源巖基本沒有油氣生成。進(jìn)入侏羅系晚期(154Ma),源巖油氣逐漸生成,此時(shí)油氣運(yùn)聚特點(diǎn)運(yùn)移距離較短,且就近運(yùn)聚。在146Ma,西山窯組油氣大量生成并開始運(yùn)聚,油氣運(yùn)移路徑主要指向構(gòu)造高部位,油氣主要聚集分布在山前帶和研究區(qū)的南部。隨著構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)的進(jìn)行,研究區(qū)進(jìn)入大量生烴及排烴階段,在白堊世早期(136Ma),油氣大量運(yùn)移聚集,此時(shí)油氣形成二次運(yùn)移,油氣二次運(yùn)聚方向主要為低勢(shì)區(qū)。從油氣現(xiàn)今運(yùn)聚情況可以看出,油氣主要集中在研究區(qū)西北低洼區(qū),油氣運(yùn)聚主要受研究區(qū)構(gòu)造特征控制。預(yù)測(cè)研究區(qū)主要存在背斜油氣藏、斷鼻型油氣藏和構(gòu)造-巖性油氣藏3個(gè)類型的油氣藏,油氣成藏類型主要受控于古構(gòu)造背景,斷層及巖性三個(gè)主要因素。通過以上研究對(duì)十三間房地區(qū)源巖條件及油氣成藏規(guī)律有了新的認(rèn)識(shí)。利用井-震聯(lián)合反演方法克服了研究區(qū)鉆井稀少難以對(duì)源巖進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)的困難,對(duì)源巖的質(zhì)量及分布特征進(jìn)行了精細(xì)的刻畫。同時(shí)在實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上,利用盆地模擬技術(shù)對(duì)源巖特征、生排烴特征、油氣成藏規(guī)律及運(yùn)移規(guī)律進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析,對(duì)研究區(qū)的油氣成藏主控因素進(jìn)行了分析和總結(jié)。研究表明十三間房地區(qū)具有一定的油氣資源潛力。
[Abstract]:Thirteen rooms in Taipei sag of Turpan Hami basin are potential oil and gas exploration and replacement areas. Because of low exploration degree, there are few studies on the development of source rocks in this area, which has not been systematically analyzed. The characteristics and distribution development of hydrocarbon source rocks are uncertain. The analysis of reservoir cap conditions is relatively shallow, oil and gas and source rock are special. Due to the above reasons, the process of oil and gas exploration in thirteen rooms is seriously restricted. This paper makes full use of the theory of geochemical, sequence stratigraphy, petroleum geology, seismic stratigraphy and other theoretical logging techniques, well seismic joint inversion technology, basin simulation. The characteristics of sequence stratigraphy in thirteen rooms, characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks and hydrocarbon accumulation and migration mechanism of coal measures are systematically studied, and a set of methods for evaluation and migration of hydrocarbon source rocks and migration mechanism of coal measures is summarized in order to provide scientific basis for the exploration of thirteen room oil and gas. The main achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) The source rock conditions of thirteen rooms and peripheral areas are better. The development layer of TOC value in the study area is mainly concentrated in the SQ2 sequence. The inner and reservoir cap conditions in the study area are more developed and have certain hydrocarbon generating potential. The organic microcomponents of the Jurassic coal and rock in the thirteen rooms and surrounding areas are mainly in the vitrinite group, and the content of the shell group and the slime formation is larger, and the inert group is the inert group. The abundance of organic matter in source rocks is relatively high, in which the comprehensive evaluation of coal samples is a good source rock, and the evaluation of carbonaceous mudstone is a good source rock. The evaluation of dark mudstone is a differential medium oil source rock. The maturity of organic matter is in the low mature and mature stage, and the main type of organic matter is III type. The method of well seismic combined inversion is true. The content and distribution characteristics of TOC in the study area are determined. The main hydrocarbon generation strata in the study area are distributed in the Xishan kiln group, the sequence stratigraphy is mainly SQ2, the thickness of the source rocks in the SQ2 sequence is distributed between 0-350m and 124m, the largest area of the source rock is located in the front of the mountain and the northwest corner of the southern slope, and the maximum TOC value of the source rock is about 3.6%, which is distributed in the northwest of the southern slope. The area of the rock TOC value greater than 1% is mainly distributed in the south slope of the study area and the middle part of the pier uplift. The Middle Jurassic Xishan formation reservoir is developed in thirteen room areas, the three room and the seven ktai group are not developed. The secondary pores are mainly developed in the study area, and the reservoir space mainly consists of intergranular pore, intergranular pore, intergranular pore and intragranular hole, but it is with primary grain. In the vertical direction, the pore size above 600m is mainly controlled by compaction, and the main pore types in the 600-1500m stratum are the residual primary pores which are produced by compaction, pressure solution, and the dissolution of 1500-2200m is strengthened, and the secondary pores produced by compaction and pressure solution are mainly developed. The main pore type below 2200m is secondary pore formed by dissolution. There are two sets of caprock in thirteen room areas. The first cover is a large mudstone in the middle and upper part of the seven gram group, along with the large set of mudstone overlying the Qiao group. The cover layer is thick, stable and sealing performance is good. The second cover layer is a mudstone formation in the lower part of the three room group, which has a slightly thinner thickness, but a small lateral variation, good diagenesis and a certain sealing ability. The study area developed a large stride fault fold structural belt and thirteen structural belts in the study area. However, most of them are still skew and anticline. The main development faults, sand body and fault sand body compound transport system have the formation conditions of tectonic lithologic complex oil and gas reservoirs. (2) the formation temperature and source rock maturity of the study area are both North High South low and West High East low, which is closely related to the buried depth of source rocks. The middle and late Jurassic and early Cretaceous are the key period of oil and gas formation and accumulation in the study area. The main crude oil from the study area comes from the plant wax and the high carbon number, such as sporopollen. The natural gas is mainly considered as the main coal gas. The analysis of one dimension, two and three dimensional burial history, the history of thermal history and the history of maturity in the study area is carried out. The simulation results of buried history show that the simulation results of buried history show that There are two stratigraphic subsidence periods in the study area, which are middle, Upper Jurassic and middle and Late Triassic respectively. The study area of the two strata is rapidly deposited in the sedimentary period, and the formation sedimentation rate is generally large. The temperature history simulation shows that the formation temperature of the study area begins to decrease from the Jurassic, the deeper the stratum is, the higher the temperature. The formation temperature is between 70 C -150 C, the lower formation temperature is located in the South and the east of the study area, the temperature of the north and South strata is about 90 C at the temperature of 1750m, and the East-West section is about 90 C at 1800m. The temperature of the study area is as low as the north, the west is high and the East is low, and the highest temperature region is located in the northwest of the study area. The maturity history simulation results show that the reflectance range of vitrinite distribution in the study area is between 0.2%-1.5%. In the Middle Jurassic, the lower Jurassic source rocks begin to enter the hydrocarbon generation threshold, the corresponding threshold depth is about 1500m, the temperature of the temperature is about 90 C. and the simulation results of the two dimensional maturity history show the same horizon in the study area and the maturity of the northern region. The maturity of the source rock in the western region is much higher than that in the south. The West Mountain kiln group in the western region is in the medium maturity stage, and the lower hydrocarbon source rock has reached the peak of hydrocarbon generation. In addition, in addition to the immature stage in the southern half and the east of the study area, the formation units of the region are all mature and the maturity is generally also in the area. It is West High East low, North High South low. Oil and gas generation in the study area began in the middle and late Jurassic period, oil and gas generation quickly entered the stage of hydrocarbon expulsion, and entered the peak period of hydrocarbon generation in the early Cretaceous system. The hydrocarbon source rock mass is greater than the oil quantity, the ratio of the two is between 2-5, the deeper the buried depth is, the higher the hydrocarbon generation, the hydrocarbon generation time and the study area structure of source rock. The formation time is matched, the middle and late Jurassic and the early Cretaceous are the key period for the formation and accumulation of oil and gas in the study area. The analysis of the genetic types of the oil and gas, the types of oil and gas resources and the oil and gas resources in the study area shows that the organic matter in the study area is mainly derived from the low aquatic organisms, the source rock evolution is low, and the crude oil parent material is the main source. There are 2 kinds of oil and gas in the study area. There are 2 kinds of natural gas and petroleum resources, the total amount of oil is about 194.2Mm3, and the total amount of natural gas is about 557.29Mm3. (3), the source rock of the study area is thirteen. In the late Jurassic sedimentary stage, the oil and gas migration paths were mainly controlled by the tectonic characteristics of the basin, and the oil and gas reservoirs were mostly concentrated in the structure high. The oil and gas are mostly stored in the four section (J2x4) of Xishan kiln group and the two section of the three room formation (J2s2), and the oil and gas reservoirs are mostly "self generating and self storing". In the anticline oil and gas reservoir, the fault nose type oil and gas reservoir and the tectonic lithologic reservoir. The oil and gas migration display layers in the study area are mainly concentrated in the Sanjian formation, the Xishan kiln group, the three Yigu River group and the eight Dao Wan formation, which contain more oil and gas reservoirs in each stratum, which indicates that the gas display occupies an absolute advantage, which indicates that there may be gas reservoirs in this area. The late Cretaceous (145Ma) began to be angry. The early Cretaceous (136Ma) had a certain hydrocarbon generation scale, and the oil and gas began to carry out two migration. The formation and the formation and opening of the fault were formed and opened, and the formation and opening of the fracture promoted the migration of natural gas from the source rock to the reservoir and the accumulation and formation of the reservoir. The middle and late Jurassic sedimentary period was a study. The oil and gas migration path in the study area is mainly controlled by the tectonic characteristics of the basin, and the oil and gas reservoirs gather at the high structure. In the lateral direction, the oil and gas extended sand bodies are gathered along the sides and gathered in the high part of the structure. In the vertical direction, the II type fracture is the passage of oil and gas upward movement, and the oil and gas are stored in the four section of the Xishan kiln group (J_2 X~4) and the two section of the three room group (J_2s~2), the oil and gas reservoirs are mostly "self generating and self storing". From the process of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, it can be seen that the hydrocarbon accumulation and accumulation in the study area match the tectonic characteristics, that is, the oil and gas reservoirs are formed in the tectonic development and the qualitative period. In the late Jurassic (154Ma), the source rock oil and gas are gradually formed, and the migration distance of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation is short and near. In the 146Ma, the oil and gas of the Xishan kiln are formed and began to transport, and the migration path of oil and gas mainly points to the high part of the structure, and the oil and gas are mainly distributed in the front of the mountain zone and in the research area. In the south. Along with the tectonic movement, the study area entered a large number of hydrocarbon generation and hydrocarbon expulsion stages. During the early Cretaceous (136Ma), oil and gas migrated and gathered a lot. At this time, oil and gas formed two migration and the two migration of oil and gas was mainly low potential area. It is mainly controlled by the structural characteristics of the study area. There are 3 main types of oil and gas reservoirs in anticline, fault nose type and tectonic lithologic oil and gas reservoirs in the prediction research area. The oil and gas accumulation types are mainly controlled by the paleostructural background, fault and lithology three main factors. Through the above study, the source rock conditions and oil and gas accumulation in thirteen room areas are studied. The rule has a new understanding. By using the method of well seismic joint inversion, the difficulty in evaluating the source rock is difficult and the quality and distribution characteristics of the source rock are fine depicted. On the basis of the measured data, the characteristics of source rock characteristics, hydrocarbon generation and hydrocarbon accumulation, hydrocarbon accumulation law and migration are used on the basis of the measured data. The law has been systematically analyzed and the main controlling factors of oil and gas accumulation in the study area have been analyzed and summarized. The study shows that thirteen rooms have a certain potential of oil and gas resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號(hào)】:P618.13
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