本文選題：黃河三角洲 + 建筑物��； 參考：《中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國科學(xué)院海洋研究所)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：地面沉降是一種地面高程累進(jìn)損失的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害現(xiàn)象,地面沉降在短時(shí)間內(nèi)難以被發(fā)現(xiàn),被形象的稱為“沉默的土地危機(jī)”,地面沉降具有不可逆性,一旦形成便難以恢復(fù),地面沉降災(zāi)害將導(dǎo)致海水倒灌、高程點(diǎn)失效、道路裂縫塌陷等,嚴(yán)重影響生態(tài)環(huán)境,甚至威脅人類的生存。導(dǎo)致地面沉降的因素可以分為自然和人為因素,自然因素主要包括地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)、沉積物固結(jié)壓實(shí)、海平面上升等,在一般情況下自然因素(除地震、新廢棄河道沉積物固結(jié))導(dǎo)致的地面沉降周期長、幅度小,在初期并未引起關(guān)注;隨著人類活動(dòng)的頻繁,加大面積開采地下流體(地下水、油、氣)等,地面沉降現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)逐年加劇。工程建設(shè)導(dǎo)致地面沉降最早在長江三角洲(上海)引起關(guān)注,而黃河三角洲普遍存在一定程度地面沉降災(zāi)害,工程建設(shè)導(dǎo)致的地面沉降現(xiàn)象逐年凸顯。本文針對黃河三角洲地區(qū)三個(gè)工程實(shí)例(勝利油田中心醫(yī)院綜合病房樓、新邦名郡、長安大廈)分別運(yùn)用分層總和法、弦線模量法、修正弦線模量法、雙曲線切線模量法和雙曲線割線模量法進(jìn)行建筑物導(dǎo)致的地面沉降量計(jì)算,結(jié)果表明雙曲線切線模量法與實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)最為接近,分別為3.46mm、4.50mm、10.85mm;進(jìn)一步利用該方法對勝利油田中心醫(yī)院、新邦名郡的沉降量時(shí)間序列分別進(jìn)行計(jì)算,所得曲線與實(shí)測曲線一致性較高,認(rèn)為雙曲線切線模量法較適用于黃河三角洲建筑物沉降量計(jì)算。此外,選取東營區(qū)其他高層建筑物沉降監(jiān)測結(jié)果對本文計(jì)算、監(jiān)測結(jié)果準(zhǔn)確性進(jìn)行評價(jià)。為了進(jìn)一步證實(shí),雙曲線切線模量法適用于黃河三角洲地區(qū)建筑物導(dǎo)致地面沉降量計(jì)算,利用該方法計(jì)算東營建筑密集區(qū)建筑物導(dǎo)致的地面沉降量。收集黃河三角洲地區(qū)(東營)2007-2010年遙感影像,對影像進(jìn)行預(yù)處理,通過計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)分類與目視解譯相結(jié)合的方法,對研究區(qū)2007-2010年建筑物變化進(jìn)行解譯,選取2010年新增建筑密集區(qū),通過影像解譯及資料收集,得到新增建筑密集區(qū)建筑面積、占地面積、平均層數(shù)等參數(shù),利用評估后的方法——雙曲線切線模量法計(jì)算新增建筑密集區(qū)的沉降量,并對壓縮層厚度的選取進(jìn)行分析,認(rèn)為大面積建筑物壓縮層厚度使用應(yīng)力控制法更合適,計(jì)算結(jié)果表明,東營區(qū)2007-2010年建筑物導(dǎo)致地面沉降量為7.52mm/a,所得結(jié)果與現(xiàn)有資料吻合較好。本文計(jì)算過程所需參數(shù)較少,遙感影像易于獲得,節(jié)省實(shí)地勘測的人力物力,為區(qū)域建筑物建設(shè)引起地面沉降的計(jì)算提供方法。
[Abstract]:Land subsidence is a geological hazard phenomenon of progressive loss of land elevation. It is difficult to find land subsidence in a short time. It is called "silent land crisis". It is irreversibility of land subsidence, once it is formed, it is difficult to recover. Land subsidence disaster will lead to sea water pouring, elevation failure, road crack collapse and so on, which will seriously affect the ecological environment and even threaten the survival of human beings. The factors leading to land subsidence can be divided into natural and human factors. Natural factors mainly include crustal movement, sediment consolidation and compaction, sea level rise, etc. The period of land subsidence caused by the consolidation of newly abandoned river sediment) was long and small, and it did not cause concern in the initial period. With the frequent human activities, the area of underground fluids (groundwater, oil, gas) was increased. The phenomenon of land subsidence has been intensified year by year. The land subsidence caused by engineering construction is concerned at first in the Yangtze River Delta (Shanghai), but the Yellow River Delta has a certain degree of land subsidence disaster, and the phenomenon of land subsidence caused by engineering construction is prominent year by year. In this paper, three engineering examples (Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital General Ward Building, Xinbang Ming County, Chang'an Building) in the Yellow River Delta region are presented. The methods of stratified summation, chord modulus and modified chord modulus are used respectively. The hyperbolic tangent modulus method and hyperbolic Secant modulus method are used to calculate the land subsidence caused by buildings. The results show that the hyperbolic tangent modulus method is most close to the measured data, which are 3.46 mm ~ 4.50 mm ~ 10.85 mm respectively. The time series of settlement in Xinbang county are calculated, and the calculated curves are in good agreement with the measured curves. It is considered that the hyperbolic tangent modulus method is more suitable for the calculation of the settlement of buildings in the Yellow River Delta. In addition, the settlement monitoring results of other high-rise buildings in Dongying District are selected to evaluate the accuracy of the results. In order to prove that the hyperbolic tangent modulus method is applicable to the calculation of the land subsidence caused by buildings in the Yellow River Delta, the method is used to calculate the land subsidence caused by the buildings in the dense area of Dongying building. Collecting remote sensing images from 2007 to 2010 in the Yellow River Delta region, preprocessing the images, combining computer automatic classification with visual interpretation, interpreting the changes of buildings in the study area from 2007 to 2010, selecting the newly built dense areas in 2010. By means of image interpretation and data collection, the parameters such as building area, occupation area, average floor number and so on are obtained. The settlement of new building-concentrated area is calculated by using the method of hyperbolic tangent modulus after evaluation. It is considered that the stress control method is more suitable for the compression layer thickness of large area buildings. The calculation results show that the land subsidence caused by buildings in Dongying area from 2007 to 2010 is 7.52 mm / a, which is in good agreement with the available data. In this paper, the calculation process requires less parameters, remote sensing images are easy to obtain, and the manpower and material resources of field survey are saved, which provides a method for the calculation of land subsidence caused by the construction of regional buildings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國科學(xué)院海洋研究所)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P642.26

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本文編號：1815831