發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-24 20:41

  本文選題：準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地 + 二疊系平地泉組　； 參考：《西北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：新疆準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地東北部二疊系平地泉組形成于陸內(nèi)裂谷背景下還原-弱氧化的咸化湖泊環(huán)境,沉積時(shí)期受火山活動(dòng)和堿性巖漿-熱液活動(dòng)的影響,形成了一套與火山噴發(fā)和熱液活動(dòng)密切相關(guān)的特殊巖類(lèi)。受大量偏堿性凝灰物質(zhì)以及火山噴溢-噴流活動(dòng)影響,研究區(qū)烴源巖局部溫度場(chǎng)、壓力場(chǎng)和化學(xué)場(chǎng)改變,熱作用及加烴催化加速了湖相有機(jī)質(zhì)的成熟和演化,使研究區(qū)平地泉組烴源巖具有早成熟、早運(yùn)移、早成藏等特征。本文在綜觀研究區(qū)區(qū)域構(gòu)造背景和沉積環(huán)境的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合巖石薄片顯微鏡下觀察、掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)、電子探針、X衍射、陰極發(fā)光等分析方法認(rèn)為研究區(qū)的巖石類(lèi)型主要有凝灰?guī)r、沉凝灰?guī)r、(含)凝灰質(zhì)泥晶云巖等受巖漿-熱液活動(dòng)影響的凝灰?guī)r類(lèi)以及泥晶云巖、灰?guī)r、陸源碎屑巖等正常沉積的巖類(lèi)。研究區(qū)凝灰?guī)r類(lèi)的成巖作用總體是以堿性成巖環(huán)境為背景的,既有酸性成巖作用(長(zhǎng)石、方沸石、碳酸鹽礦物的溶蝕)的特征,也有堿性成巖作用的特征(石英溶蝕、碳酸鹽沉淀、方沸石、堿性粘土礦物、自生鈉長(zhǎng)石等),呈現(xiàn)酸堿交替的特點(diǎn),并表現(xiàn)出獨(dú)特的成巖演化序列和成巖相(方沸石膠結(jié)成巖相,方沸石、長(zhǎng)石溶蝕成巖相,碳酸鹽礦物膠結(jié)成巖相等)。根據(jù)巖石組構(gòu)特征、鏡質(zhì)體反射率、最大熱解峰溫等確定研究區(qū)凝灰?guī)r類(lèi)的成巖階段處于中成巖A期;分析了堿性凝灰物質(zhì)、巖漿-熱液活動(dòng)以及凝灰?guī)r類(lèi)成巖的成巖作用對(duì)孔隙類(lèi)型和孔隙演化的影響。早成巖期早期具有堿性成巖特征,生成的方解石和方沸石膠結(jié)物,起到抗壓實(shí)作用,保留了部分原生孔隙,早成巖中期受持續(xù)噴發(fā)而沉積的凝灰質(zhì)所攜帶大量的熱與催化加烴作用,有機(jī)質(zhì)低熟生油,油較早進(jìn)入巖石并占據(jù)孔隙,使儲(chǔ)層巖石具有一定的抗壓實(shí)性,較多的原生孔隙得以保留,且伴隨產(chǎn)生的C02及有機(jī)酸在一定程度上溶蝕早期的方沸石、方解石膠結(jié)物使得次生孔隙含量增高,而由于有機(jī)酸和碳酸溶蝕碳酸鹽礦物及其他礦物的同時(shí)自身也受到消耗,儲(chǔ)層在早成巖晚期孔隙介質(zhì)逐漸由酸性向堿性轉(zhuǎn)變,即再次進(jìn)入堿性成巖環(huán)境;中成巖A期,隨著埋藏加深,巖石溫度和壓力發(fā)生變化,巖石中的有機(jī)質(zhì)達(dá)到生烴門(mén)限,開(kāi)始大量生成烴類(lèi)并釋放有機(jī)酸,對(duì)巖石中的堿性礦物進(jìn)行溶解,形成次生孔隙,此時(shí)巖石再次進(jìn)入酸性成巖環(huán)境。研究區(qū)這種特殊的酸堿交替成巖作用控制下產(chǎn)生多期次孔隙的特點(diǎn),可能會(huì)對(duì)儲(chǔ)層的孔隙產(chǎn)生重要的影響,同時(shí)也能為油氣勘探提供新的方向和思路。
[Abstract]:The Permian Pingdiquan formation in the northeastern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, was formed in the reduction-weakly oxidized saline lacustrine environment in the context of intracontinental rift. The sedimentary period was influenced by volcanic activity and alkaline magmatic hydrothermal activity. A special set of rocks closely related to volcanic eruptions and hydrothermal activity has been formed. Under the influence of a large amount of alkaline ash and volcanic spilling-jet activities, the local temperature field, pressure field and chemical field of the source rock in the study area are changed, the thermal process and hydrocarbon addition catalysis accelerate the maturation and evolution of the organic matter in the lacustrine facies. The source rocks of Pingdiquan formation in the study area are characterized by early maturity, early migration and early accumulation. In this paper, based on the regional tectonic background and sedimentary environment of the study area, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe X ray diffraction (EPXRD) are used to study the structure and sedimentary environment of the area. The methods of catholuminescence analysis show that the main types of rocks in the study area are tuff, tuff, melitic dolomite, etc., which are affected by magma hydrothermal activity, and mudstone, limestone, etc. Normally deposited rocks, such as continental clastic rocks. The diagenesis of tuff in the study area is generally based on alkaline diagenesis, which is characterized by both acidic diagenesis (feldspar, analcite, dissolution of carbonate minerals) and alkaline diagenesis (quartz dissolution). Carbonate precipitation, analcite, alkaline clay minerals, authigenic albite and so on, show the characteristics of acid-base alternation, and show unique diagenetic evolution sequence and diagenetic facies (diagenetic facies formed by analite gel, analcite, feldspar dissolution diagenetic facies, etc.) Carbonate mineral glue forms lithofacies etc. According to the characteristics of rock fabric, vitrinite reflectance and maximum pyrolysis peak temperature, the diagenetic stage of tuff in the study area is in the middle diagenesis A stage. The effect of magma hydrothermal activity and diagenesis of tuff on pore type and pore evolution. In the early diagenetic stage, it is characterized by alkaline diagenesis, and calcite and donalite cementation play a role of anti-compaction and retain some primary pores. The tuff deposited in the middle of the early diagenetic period is carrying a large amount of heat and catalytic hydrocarbon addition, and the organic matter is low mature and the oil enters the rock earlier and occupies the pores, which makes the reservoir rock have certain compaction resistance. A large number of primary pores were preserved, and with the formation of CO2 and organic acids to some extent corrosion of the early zeolite, calcite cementation made the secondary pore content increased, As organic acids, carbonate minerals and other minerals are also consumed, the pore media of the reservoir gradually changes from acidic to alkaline in the late stage of early diagenesis, that is, it enters the alkaline diagenetic environment again, and the middle diagenesis stage A, With the deepening of burial, the rock temperature and pressure change, and the organic matter in the rock reaches the threshold of hydrocarbon generation, and begins to produce a large number of hydrocarbons and release organic acids, dissolving the alkaline minerals in the rocks and forming secondary pores. At this time, the rocks enter the acidic diagenetic environment again. This special acid-base alternant diagenesis, which produces multi-stage pores, may have an important impact on the porosity of the reservoir, and it can also provide a new direction and train of thought for oil and gas exploration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P618.13

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