本文選題：地震勘探系統(tǒng) + 環(huán)境噪聲��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在陸地地震勘探過程中，地震波激發(fā)前后會有大量的噪聲干擾產(chǎn)生。其中在激發(fā)前就存在的環(huán)境噪聲對實(shí)際地震記錄有很大影響。它一直存在于整個(gè)地震勘探過程，是不可避免的。不同的地震勘探測區(qū)，環(huán)境噪聲的表現(xiàn)形式和強(qiáng)度是不同的。如何有效地壓制環(huán)境噪聲干擾，就成為一個(gè)值得研究的課題。 一個(gè)有效的思路是確定環(huán)境噪聲的主要表征，根據(jù)其特點(diǎn)有針對性地對環(huán)境噪聲進(jìn)行處理。當(dāng)前研究表明，環(huán)境噪聲存在于整個(gè)地震勘探過程中，隨環(huán)境的不同而改變。環(huán)境噪聲沒有固定的視速度，在時(shí)間記錄上隨機(jī)性很強(qiáng)，沒有一定的主頻率。但環(huán)境噪聲的來源決定了其還是有規(guī)律可循的。 環(huán)境噪聲的主要來源是風(fēng)源。風(fēng)成環(huán)境噪聲在空氣中傳播，是要滿足傳播性質(zhì)的。本文借用海洋環(huán)境噪聲指向性的概念，使用指向性來描述環(huán)境噪聲的傳播特性。陸地地震勘探環(huán)境噪聲指向性可以描述環(huán)境噪聲的傳播方向和傳播路徑，這是指向性的空間特性；它還可以描述環(huán)境噪聲作用在地震道上的起始時(shí)間和影響時(shí)間，這是指向性的時(shí)間特性�？梢灾溃懙丨h(huán)境噪聲指向性是一個(gè)三維的物理量，分別從空間和時(shí)間，描述了環(huán)境噪聲的傳播特性。 本文提出了陸地地震勘探環(huán)境噪聲指向性的概念，并且為二維、三維地震勘探環(huán)境噪聲指向性建模，給出了一種能檢測環(huán)境噪聲指向性是否存在的方法，并將其應(yīng)用到模擬記錄上，證明了方法的有效性。 本文應(yīng)用該檢測方法，對中國安徽的山地實(shí)際測區(qū)，大慶喇嘛甸林帶實(shí)際測區(qū)和塔克拉瑪干沙漠實(shí)際測區(qū)分別進(jìn)行了處理。安徽的山地實(shí)際測區(qū)，，采用二維地震勘探工作方式，待確定的環(huán)境噪聲傳播路徑是沿著地震測線的。檢測后找到了滿足環(huán)境噪聲指向性特征的實(shí)際地震記錄，證明了環(huán)境噪聲在山地測區(qū)是存在指向性的。大慶喇嘛甸林帶實(shí)際測區(qū)和塔沙測區(qū)，采用三維地震勘探工作方式，環(huán)境噪聲在三維地震勘探觀測平面上，可沿任意路徑傳播。使用本文給出的檢測方法，分別找到了兩個(gè)地區(qū)的環(huán)境噪聲指向性的分布。其中林帶地區(qū)由于地形復(fù)雜，植被較多，其干擾很嚴(yán)重，因此指向性的表征也不明顯。與此相反，沙漠地區(qū)環(huán)境噪聲指向性表現(xiàn)很明顯，找到了呈帶狀分布的環(huán)境噪聲傳播路徑。 本文通過大量實(shí)驗(yàn)，證明環(huán)境噪聲指向性存在于實(shí)際地震勘探中的山地，林帶和沙漠測區(qū)。實(shí)際上環(huán)境噪聲指向性是廣泛存在于各個(gè)地區(qū)的，只是各個(gè)地區(qū)的強(qiáng)弱程度不同。指向性描述了環(huán)境噪聲的傳播特性，在今后的去噪工作中，可以依托這一點(diǎn)，配合現(xiàn)有的去噪方法對實(shí)際地震記錄進(jìn)行處理，最終提高實(shí)際地震記錄的質(zhì)量。
[Abstract]:In the process of land seismic exploration, there will be a large number of noise disturbances before and after seismic wave excitation.The environmental noise which existed before the excitation has great influence on the actual seismic records.It is inevitable that it always exists in the whole seismic exploration process.The expression and intensity of environmental noise are different in different seismic exploration areas.How to suppress the environmental noise effectively becomes a research topic.An effective idea is to determine the main representation of environmental noise and to deal with it according to its characteristics.Current studies show that environmental noise exists in the whole process of seismic exploration and changes with the environment.The ambient noise has no fixed apparent speed and has strong randomness in time record and no main frequency.However, the source of environmental noise determines that it is still regular.The main source of ambient noise is the wind source.Wind-induced ambient noise propagates in the air to satisfy its propagating properties.Based on the concept of directivity of environmental noise, directivity is used to describe the propagation characteristics of environmental noise.The directivity of environmental noise in terrestrial seismic exploration can describe the propagation direction and path of environmental noise, which is the spatial characteristic of directionality, and can also describe the onset time and influence time of environmental noise acting on seismic track.This is the time characteristic of directionality.It can be known that the directivity of terrestrial environmental noise is a three-dimensional physical quantity, which describes the propagation characteristics of environmental noise from space and time, respectively.In this paper, the concept of environmental noise directivity in terrestrial seismic exploration is proposed, and it is modeled as two-dimensional and three-dimensional environmental noise directivity. A method to detect the existence of environmental noise directivity is presented.The method is applied to the simulation record to prove the effectiveness of the method.In this paper, the actual measuring areas in the mountainous area, the Lamadian forest belt in Daqing and the actual survey area in the Taklimakan Desert in Anhui Province, China, are treated by using this method.In the mountainous area of Anhui Province, the work mode of two-dimensional seismic exploration is adopted, and the path of environmental noise propagation to be determined is along the seismic survey line.The actual seismic records satisfying the directional characteristics of environmental noise are found after detection, and it is proved that the environmental noise exists directivity in the mountainous area.In the actual surveying area and the Tasha surveying area of the Lamadian forest belt in Daqing, the environmental noise can propagate along any path in the 3D seismic exploration observation plane by using the three-dimensional seismic exploration mode.Using the detection method presented in this paper, the directivity distribution of environmental noise in two regions is found.Because of the complexity of terrain and vegetation, the disturbance of forest belt is very serious, so the directivity is not obvious.On the contrary, the directivity of environmental noise in desert area is obvious, and the band distribution path of environmental noise propagation is found.Through a large number of experiments, it is proved that the directivity of environmental noise exists in the mountainous, forest and desert survey areas in the actual seismic exploration.In fact, the directivity of environmental noise exists widely in various regions, but the intensity of each region is different.Directivity describes the propagation characteristics of environmental noise, which can be relied on to deal with actual seismic records with existing de-noising methods in the future. Finally, the quality of actual seismic records can be improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.4

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 王寶升,郭田霖;海洋噪聲[J];百科知識;1994年09期

2 鐘偉;楊寶俊;張智;;多項(xiàng)式擬合技術(shù)在強(qiáng)噪聲地震資料中的應(yīng)用研究[J];地球物理學(xué)進(jìn)展;2006年01期

3 吳建平;歐陽飚;王未來;姚志祥;袁松涌;;華北地區(qū)地震環(huán)境噪聲特征研究[J];地震學(xué)報(bào);2012年06期

4 于靜;隨機(jī)干擾的相關(guān)半徑及其應(yīng)用[J];計(jì)算機(jī)工程;2004年S1期

5 何永清;甄文勝;尹吳海;張立軍;李國順;張金崗;;柴達(dá)木盆地風(fēng)成沙漠區(qū)地震激發(fā)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用[J];勘探地球物理進(jìn)展;2009年02期

6 張廣忠,郭恩惠,朱書階,朱紅娟;沙漠區(qū)超淺層三維地震勘探[J];煤田地質(zhì)與勘探;2003年05期

7 LI Yue;YANG BaoJun;LIN HongBo;MA HaiTao;NIE PengFei;;Suppression of strong random noise in seismic data by using time-frequency peak filtering[J];Science China(Earth Sciences);2013年07期

8 國九英,周興元,楊慧珠;三維f-x,y域隨機(jī)噪音衰減[J];石油地球物理勘探;1995年02期

9 李慶忠;地震高分辨率勘探中的誤區(qū)與對策[J];石油地球物理勘探;1997年06期

10 李慶忠;高頻隨機(jī)噪聲的三分量測定[J];石油物探;1998年01期

本文編號：1735436