發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-05 07:50

  本文選題：礦物基質(zhì)孔　切入點(diǎn)：有機(jī)質(zhì)孔　出處：《天然氣地球科學(xué)》2016年07期

【摘要】：頁(yè)巖儲(chǔ)層孔隙發(fā)育特征是頁(yè)巖儲(chǔ)層評(píng)價(jià)的重要內(nèi)容,也是開展頁(yè)巖油氣賦存機(jī)理研究的基礎(chǔ)。提出了通過(guò)"基質(zhì)類型—孔隙產(chǎn)狀—孔隙成因"劃分孔隙類型的方案。利用氬離子拋光和場(chǎng)發(fā)射掃描電鏡技術(shù)觀察孔隙發(fā)育情況,根據(jù)基質(zhì)類型和孔隙產(chǎn)狀,識(shí)別了4類孔隙:粒間孔、粒內(nèi)孔、有機(jī)質(zhì)孔和微裂縫,并根據(jù)孔隙成因?qū)⒘ｉg孔分為碎屑顆粒間原生孔、黏土礦物片體間孔和顆粒間溶蝕孔,將粒內(nèi)孔分為長(zhǎng)石顆粒內(nèi)溶蝕孔、黏土礦物片體內(nèi)孔和黃鐵礦晶體間孔。有機(jī)質(zhì)孔主要為有機(jī)質(zhì)顆粒內(nèi)的微裂縫和有機(jī)質(zhì)內(nèi)孤立分布的孔徑較小的孔隙。微裂縫主要表現(xiàn)為紋層縫或頁(yè)理縫。綜合孔隙圖像分析、低溫液氮吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果、孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)與礦物組成、有機(jī)碳含量和有機(jī)質(zhì)成熟度等參數(shù)相關(guān)性分析,認(rèn)為沉積條件、成巖作用和有機(jī)質(zhì)熱演化控制了孔隙的形成和保存。半深湖—深湖沉積環(huán)境下,富有機(jī)質(zhì)頁(yè)巖中發(fā)育重力流成因的薄層砂質(zhì)紋層,紋層段碎屑顆粒含量高,有利于形成碎屑顆粒粒間孔、碎屑顆粒粒內(nèi)孔和順層微裂縫。早期成巖作用階段形成黃鐵礦,有利于形成黃鐵礦晶間孔,但黃鐵礦也是壓實(shí)作用的主要參與者;壓實(shí)作用造成粒間孔和粒內(nèi)孔的孔徑變小和孔體積降低,碎屑顆粒和黃鐵礦與有機(jī)質(zhì)顆粒間呈凹凸接觸,有機(jī)質(zhì)孔在壓實(shí)作用下閉合導(dǎo)致有機(jī)質(zhì)孔不發(fā)育;溶蝕作用促進(jìn)長(zhǎng)石粒間溶孔和長(zhǎng)石粒內(nèi)溶孔的形成,一定程度改善儲(chǔ)層質(zhì)量。在成熟度達(dá)到一定階段(RO≈0.75%)后,開始出現(xiàn)有機(jī)質(zhì)孔。有機(jī)質(zhì)孔發(fā)育程度差,一方面受成熟度的影響,另一方面可能是壓實(shí)作用造成的。此外,富有機(jī)質(zhì)泥頁(yè)巖滲透性較差,烴類被吸附在有機(jī)質(zhì)表面或溶于干酪根內(nèi)部,造成干酪根體積膨脹也可能是有機(jī)質(zhì)孔不發(fā)育的一種原因。
[Abstract]:The pore development feature of shale reservoir is an important part of shale reservoir evaluation, and is also the basis of the research on shale oil and gas occurrence mechanism.The method of dividing pore type by matrix type, pore occurrence and pore genesis is put forward.The development of pores was observed by argon ion polishing and field emission scanning electron microscopy. According to the matrix type and pore pattern, four types of pores were identified: intergranular pore, intragranular pore, organic pore and microfracture.According to the origin of pores, intergranular pores are divided into primary pores between clastic grains, intergranular pores and intergranular dissolution pores of clay minerals, and internal pores are divided into inner dissolution pores of feldspar particles, internal pores of clay minerals and intercrystalline pores of pyrite.The organic pores are mainly micro-fractures in organic matter particles and pores with small pore size in isolated distribution of organic matter.The microcracks are mainly shown as striated seam or laminated seam.Comprehensive pore image analysis, low temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption experiment results, pore structure parameters and mineral composition, organic carbon content and organic matter maturity and other parameters correlation analysis, the deposition conditions,Diagenesis and thermal evolution of organic matter control the formation and preservation of pores.In semi-deep lacustry-deep lacustrine sedimentary environment, there are thin layers of gravimetric flow in shale rich in organic matter, with high clastic grain content, which is conducive to the formation of intergranular pores, intergranular pores and microfractures in the clastic grains.The formation of pyrite in the early diagenesis stage is beneficial to the formation of intergranular pyrite pores, but pyrite is also the main participant in compaction. Compaction results in the reduction of pore size and volume of intergranular and intragranular pores.Clastic particles, pyrite and organic matter particles are in concave and convex contact, organic pore is closed under compaction, and dissolution promotes the formation of intergranular dissolution pore and dissolution pore in feldspar, and improves reservoir quality to a certain extent.When the maturity reaches a certain stage, the organic matter pores begin to appear.The porosity of organic matter is poor, which is influenced by maturity on the one hand, and compaction on the other.In addition, the permeability of organic-rich shale is poor, and hydrocarbons are adsorbed on the surface of organic matter or dissolved in the interior of kerogen. The volume expansion of kerogen may also be one of the reasons for the undeveloped pore of organic matter.
【作者單位】： 西安石油大學(xué)地球科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院;陜西省油氣成藏地質(zhì)學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國(guó)石油大港油田分公司第二采油廠;中國(guó)石油集團(tuán)測(cè)井有限公司;
【基金】：陜西省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):2013JQ503) 陜西省教育廳重點(diǎn)科研項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):15JS092) 國(guó)家科技重大專項(xiàng)(編號(hào):2011ZX5018001)聯(lián)合資助
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13

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