本文選題：伽瑪測井探頭　切入點：雪崩光電二極管　出處：《成都理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著化石燃料迅速消耗,石油勘探難度日益增大,勘探深度逐漸增加,井液溫度和井壓隨之增高,且探管隨之減小,對伽瑪能譜測井提出了更高的要求。當(dāng)前能譜測井儀的探測器主要采用NaI(T1)匹配光電倍增管(PMT)進(jìn)行探測,其體積較大,對高能射線的探測效率較低,溫度穩(wěn)定性差,儀器分辨率較低,如北京環(huán)鼎公司研制的GST數(shù)字自然伽瑪能譜測井儀,外徑較大(約99mm),20℃時儀器分辨率差于12%,175℃時差于15%。為此設(shè)計高探測效率、高穩(wěn)定性、高分辨率的小體積伽瑪能譜測井探頭具有重要意義。天然伽瑪能譜測井是運用核物理學(xué)的方法,解決地球科學(xué)、環(huán)境科學(xué)等有關(guān)問題的主要手段之一。伽瑪能譜測井中能譜儀性能的好壞主要取決于其探頭的能量分辨率,靈敏度以及穩(wěn)定性等因素。當(dāng)前常用的伽瑪能譜儀主要由伽瑪輻射探測器、信號處理電路,數(shù)據(jù)采集器以及數(shù)據(jù)處理解釋算法軟件等組成。其中伽瑪輻射探測器通常采用NaI(T1)等無機閃爍體與PMT及前放組成,結(jié)構(gòu)上均采用主機和探頭分離設(shè)計模式,在長期的使用中其表現(xiàn)有如下不足：首先,PMT工作電壓為近千伏高壓,功耗相對較大,在測井環(huán)境中易造成信號短路,若設(shè)計或使用不當(dāng),存在被電擊的風(fēng)險；其次,PMT為真空易碎器件,實際測井過程中常伴隨劇烈震動,易使其損壞；最后,PMT體積相對較大,在小井眼探測領(lǐng)域選型困難。針對測井能譜儀在環(huán)境場所測量的實際要求,基于傳統(tǒng)井能譜儀的不足,結(jié)合對當(dāng)前市場中測井譜儀的調(diào)研,依托電子技術(shù)微型化的發(fā)展,本文提出了基于雪崩光電二極管(APD)的碘化銫CsI(T1)能譜設(shè)計方案。探頭采用APD和CsI(T1)閃爍晶體組合方式,利用CsI(T1)閃爍晶體的能量靈敏度大、光產(chǎn)額高、對伽瑪射線吸收系數(shù)大以及機械性能良好的優(yōu)勢,利用APD與CsI(TI)晶體良好的光譜匹配和光電轉(zhuǎn)換特性以及APD較大內(nèi)部增益等特點,對被測微弱核信號進(jìn)行光電轉(zhuǎn)換并放大。設(shè)計了低噪聲低功耗電荷靈敏前置放大器,以提高系統(tǒng)信噪比和能譜儀的探測效率。利用信號處理電路降噪放大成形,采用高速模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器將信號離散化,以資源豐富的FPGA作為微處理器,實現(xiàn)數(shù)字多道脈沖幅度分析,主要包含基線估計與復(fù)位、計數(shù)率校正、脈沖幅度分析、脈沖抗堆積、脈沖波形甄別等功能,提高系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和能譜儀的能量分辨率。最后將測量結(jié)果傳入上位機軟件進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的測試和分析。經(jīng)過為期一年多的設(shè)計和開發(fā)工作,取得了以下成果：1、采用Hammatsu公司的雪崩光電二極管(S8664-1010)與碘化銫CsI(T1)(體積：10mm×10mm×10mm)閃爍晶體組合作為自然伽瑪能譜測井儀的探測器,采用硅油進(jìn)行光學(xué)耦合,使Si APD與碘化銫CsI(T1)閃爍晶體在光譜上達(dá)到最佳匹配,以保證較高的光學(xué)探測效率；2、基于交流耦合—阻容反饋式折疊型的經(jīng)典結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)計了低噪聲低功耗的電荷靈敏前置放大器,零電容噪聲是2599e-,噪聲斜率為24e-/pF；3、設(shè)計了核信號處理電路、高速模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器ADC以及以FPGA為主體的數(shù)字脈沖信號處理模塊(DMCA);4、搭建實驗平臺,對儀器在不同偏壓、不同溫度、不同放射源條件下的出譜情況進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的測試。測試結(jié)果如下：1、首先對’37Cs進(jìn)行不同偏壓測試,結(jié)果表明偏壓增大,探測器輸出信號幅值顯著增加,且能量分辨率明顯變好,370V時,能量分辨率最佳,可達(dá)4.98%；2、設(shè)置最佳偏壓370V,在-20℃～40℃溫度范圍內(nèi)以20℃為間隔遞增測量137Cs,在-20℃時,能量分辨率最好(約4.77%),隨溫度升高而變差,40℃時為5.38%,仍然遠(yuǎn)高于當(dāng)前測井譜儀能量分辨率,如530SGS型自然伽瑪能譜探頭,其能量分辨率僅為8.958%；3、分別測量不同放射源60Co、152Eu、226Ra釋放的伽瑪射線時,其能量特征峰均能被清晰識別。整個系統(tǒng)測試情況充分驗證了CsI(Tl)+SiAPD探測組件作為深部伽瑪能譜測井探頭的合理性與優(yōu)越性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid consumption of fossil fuels, increasing the difficulty of petroleum exploration, the exploration depth increases gradually, temperature and well liquid pressure increased, and the probe decreases, on gamma ray spectrolog put forward higher requirements. The current spectrum logging detector mainly uses NaI (T1), photomultiplier tube (PMT) detect the large volume, high energy ray detection efficiency of low temperature stability, low resolution, such as GST digital development of Beijing huanding natural gamma spectrum logging company, the larger outer diameter (about 99mm), at 20 C for 12% meter resolution, 175 C in 15%. this time the design of high detection efficiency, high stability, small volume, high resolution gamma energy spectrum logging probe has important significance. The natural gamma ray spectrometry logging method is used to solve the nuclear physics, earth science, one of the main means of issues related to environmental science. Gamma Mary can energy resolution spectrometer performance spectrum logging in mainly depends on the factors of the probe, sensitivity and stability. The current commonly used gamma spectrometer is mainly composed of a gamma radiation detector, signal processing circuit, data acquisition and data processing and interpretation algorithm software etc.. The gamma radiation detector usually adopts NaI (T1) inorganic scintillator and PMT and the composition, structure and adopts host probe separation design pattern, in the long-term use of its performance has the following disadvantages: first, the working voltage is nearly PMT kV high voltage, power consumption is relatively large, easy to cause the short circuit signal in well logging environment, if the design or improper use and there is the risk of electric shock; secondly, PMT vacuum fragile devices, severe vibration often associated with the actual logging process, easy to damage; finally, PMT relatively large volume in slim hole detection field selection Difficult. According to the logging spectrometer in the actual requirements of environment measurement, shortcomings of traditional wells spectrometer based on the combination of research in the current market logging spectrometer, relying on the development of miniaturized electronic technology, is proposed in this paper based on avalanche photodiode (APD) iodide (T1) spectra of cesium CsI design using APD and CsI program. The probe (T1) scintillation crystal combination, using CsI (T1) scintillation crystal energy sensitivity, high light yield, high absorption coefficient and good mechanical properties of the advantages of gamma rays, using APD and CsI (TI) spectra of crystal good matching and photoelectric conversion characteristics and APD the larger internal gain characteristics of photoelectric conversion and amplification of weak signal to be measured. Nuclear design of low power low noise charge sensitive preamplifier, in order to improve the SNR and spectrum detection efficiency. Using the signal processing circuit and noise amplification High speed analog-to-digital converter, the signal discretization, with FPGA rich as the microprocessor to realize digital multi-channel pulse height analysis, including baseline estimation and reduction, count rate correction analysis, pulse amplitude, pulse pile up, pulse shape discriminator function, improve the system stability and energy resolution of the spectrometer will last. The measurement results to the host computer software is tested and analyzed in detail. Through the design and development for more than a year of work, and achieved the following results: 1, the avalanche photodiode Hammatsu company (S8664-1010) and CSI CsI (T1) (volume: 10mm * 10mm * 10mm) detector as a combination of natural gamma scintillation crystals spectrum logging, using silicone and optically coupled to the Si APD CsI (T1) and cesium iodide scintillation crystal to achieve the best match in the spectrum, in order to ensure the optical high detection efficiency; 2, The classic structure of AC coupled resistive and capacitive feedback type folding type based on the design of low power low noise charge sensitive preamplifier, zero capacitor noise is 2599e- noise, the slope is 24e-/pF; 3, design the nuclear signal processing circuit, high-speed ADC ADC and with FPGA as the main body of digital pulse signal processing module (DMCA); 4, build the experimental platform, the instrument in different voltage, different temperature, different sources under the conditions of the spectral detail test. The test results are as follows: 1, the first test of different bias' 37Cs, results show that the voltage increases, the amplitude of the output signal of the detector was significantly increased, and the energy resolution is much better 370V, when the best energy resolution, up to 4.98%; 2, setting the optimum bias voltage of 370V, in the -20 to 40 DEG C temperature range to 20 DEG C for increasing interval measurement 137Cs, at -20 DEG C, the best energy resolution (about 4.77 %) but decreased, with the increase of temperature at 40 DEG C for 5.38%, still much higher than the current log spectrum energy resolution, such as natural gamma energy spectrum 530SGS probe, the energy resolution is only 8.958%; 3 were measured in different sources of 60Co, 152Eu, Gamma Ray released by 226Ra, the characteristic peak energy can be clearly identified. The test cases CsI (Tl) has verified the rationality and superiority of +SiAPD detection module for deep gamma spectrum logging probe.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.817

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前9條

1 陸麗儀;忻汝平;容軍;;~(13)Ⅰ(~(125)Ⅰ)-碘化標(biāo)記抗體的制備及其動物分布試驗[J];核農(nóng)學(xué)報;1985年04期

2 林祥通;王世真;;蛋白質(zhì)和多肽激素~(125)碘化的基本原理和實踐[J];國外醫(yī)學(xué)(放射醫(yī)學(xué)核醫(yī)學(xué)分冊);1987年02期

3 陸宏開;;碘化硫油液治療牛疥瘡[J];畜牧獸醫(yī)通訊;1976年01期

4 陳文武,李富嶺,劉萬發(fā),韓秀文,陳方,楊柏齡,莊琦;氧碘化學(xué)激光中BHP的NMR研究[J];波譜學(xué)雜志;1997年06期

5 陳紅艷,吳兆民;一氯化碘乙酸溶液對芳香化合物碘化的研究[J];山西師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2003年03期

6 樊龍;楊志文;陳韜;李晉;黎宇坤;曹柱榮;;潮濕空氣對碘化銫薄膜結(jié)構(gòu)和性質(zhì)的影響[J];物理學(xué)報;2014年14期

7 桑鳳亭,陳方,楊柏嶺,孫以珠,金玉奇,逄景科,顧成洲,王麟,莊琦;超音速氧碘化學(xué)激光實驗研究[J];強激光與粒子束;1996年02期

8 莊新杰,袁楓,張書圣;3-氟-4-氰基苯酚的合成[J];青島科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2003年01期

9 ;[J];;年期

相關(guān)會議論文 前6條

1 徐剛;郭國聰;;碘化鉍基無機-有機雜化材料的帶隙調(diào)控[A];中國化學(xué)會第二十五屆學(xué)術(shù)年會論文摘要集（上冊）[C];2006年

2 湯燦林;王來寶;王杰;;不同活性芳環(huán)上的碘化方法[A];中國化學(xué)會第四屆有機化學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)會議論文集[C];2005年

3 謝建軍;袁暉;熊巍;展忠貴;陳良;;碘化镥LuI_3的制備與熱分析研究[A];《硅酸鹽學(xué)報》創(chuàng)刊50周年暨中國硅酸鹽學(xué)會2007年學(xué)術(shù)年會論文摘要集[C];2007年

4 胡強;李松林;李恒遠(yuǎn);;碘化銫(鉈)晶體的研究進(jìn)展[A];二00九全國核反應(yīng)會暨生物物理與核物理交叉前沿研討會論文摘要集[C];2009年

5 楊宇翔;賈榮榮;陳婭如;邵建國;劉向農(nóng);;六次甲基四氨碘化砷配合物的固相合成及其生物活性[A];上海市化學(xué)化工學(xué)會2005年度學(xué)術(shù)年會論文摘要集[C];2005年

6 顏廣炅;佟伶;;ICP-AES法同時測定高純碘化銫中雜質(zhì)元素的研究[A];中國化學(xué)會第六屆全國微量元素研究和進(jìn)展學(xué)術(shù)研討會論文集[C];2004年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 李忠岐;碘化法提純金屬鋯的工藝及機理研究[D];北京有色金屬研究總院;2015年

2 黃銳;基于光電雪崩二極管的碘化銫能譜讀出設(shè)計[D];成都理工大學(xué);2015年

，

本文編號：1710541