本文選題：江口溝泥石流　切入點(diǎn)：發(fā)育特征　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：泥石流是一種常見的山地地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,由于其暴發(fā)突然、運(yùn)動(dòng)迅速,常對(duì)人類生產(chǎn)生活構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重威脅。泥石流堆積區(qū)是其淤積泛濫的部位,然而由于其地勢(shì)相對(duì)平坦,許多山區(qū)的城鎮(zhèn)安置在泥石流堆積區(qū)上,這為許多泥石流災(zāi)難的形成埋下了隱患。由于對(duì)泥石流危險(xiǎn)區(qū)范圍預(yù)測(cè)不足,近年來(lái)在我國(guó)西南部相繼發(fā)生的多起大型泥石流災(zāi)害(如2009—2013年間在汶川、北川、綿竹等地暴發(fā)的文家溝、紅椿溝、七盤溝等泥石流)不僅損毀了溝口堆積區(qū)的災(zāi)后重建成果,更對(duì)災(zāi)區(qū)人民的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)造成了重大損失。目前國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)泥石流的危險(xiǎn)區(qū)預(yù)測(cè)一般是利用基于統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式或數(shù)學(xué)模型進(jìn)行,但預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果常常與實(shí)際差別較大,因此,探索出一種客觀、可信的泥石流危險(xiǎn)區(qū)范圍預(yù)測(cè)技術(shù)顯得非常必要。泥石流的數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)不僅可以反演、再現(xiàn)泥石流的運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)展過(guò)程,還能對(duì)泥石流災(zāi)害進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),為防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作提供指導(dǎo)借鑒,近年來(lái)逐漸受到國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的重視。論文通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)勘查測(cè)繪,從區(qū)域地質(zhì)環(huán)境條件和泥石流發(fā)育特征綜合研究了江口溝泥石流的形成條件；在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)泥石流的運(yùn)動(dòng)特征和動(dòng)力特性進(jìn)行了計(jì)算；最后將大型計(jì)算流體動(dòng)力學(xué)軟件CFX引入到泥石流危險(xiǎn)范圍預(yù)測(cè)領(lǐng)域,對(duì)江口溝泥石流治理前后的危險(xiǎn)區(qū)范圍進(jìn)行了三維流場(chǎng)數(shù)值模擬。主要結(jié)論有：(1)闡述了研究區(qū)區(qū)域地質(zhì)背景,從地形條件、物源條件、水源條件三個(gè)方面研究了江口溝泥石流的形成條件。根據(jù)“雨洪法”計(jì)算確定了泥石流動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù),調(diào)查分析了江口溝泥石流暴發(fā)歷史和暴發(fā)頻率。(2)建立了江口溝泥石流堆積區(qū)三維流體模型,使用大型計(jì)算流體動(dòng)力學(xué)軟件CFX對(duì)泥石流在堆積區(qū)的運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程進(jìn)行了三維流場(chǎng)數(shù)值模擬,得到了泥石流在堆積區(qū)堆積泛濫的完整過(guò)程和較準(zhǔn)確的危險(xiǎn)范圍。(3)提出了“攔渣壩+防護(hù)堤+排導(dǎo)槽”的綜合治理措施,并對(duì)治理后的泥石流運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程和危險(xiǎn)區(qū)范圍進(jìn)行了模擬,模擬結(jié)果證明了治理工程的可行性�；贑FX的泥石流數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)能夠克服主觀人為因素對(duì)危險(xiǎn)范圍預(yù)測(cè)精度的影響,得到較為準(zhǔn)確的泥石流危險(xiǎn)區(qū)范圍,為泥石流治理工程設(shè)計(jì)提供指導(dǎo)借鑒。相信采用該方法對(duì)我國(guó)西南部廣大受泥石流威脅的地區(qū)進(jìn)行拓展研究,應(yīng)能在城鎮(zhèn)建筑選址、山區(qū)鐵路選線等領(lǐng)域起到預(yù)防預(yù)測(cè)、避規(guī)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的作用。
[Abstract]:Debris flow is a common geological disaster in mountainous areas. Because of its sudden and rapid movement, debris flow often poses a serious threat to human production and life.Debris flow accumulation area is the site of its siltation and flooding. However, because of its relatively flat topography, many towns in mountainous areas are located in debris flow accumulation areas, which has buried hidden dangers for the formation of many debris flow disasters.Due to insufficient prediction of the scope of debris flow risk areas, there have been many large debris flow disasters in the southwest of China in recent years (such as Wenjiagou and Hongchun gully, which broke out in Wenchuan, Beichuan, Mianzhu and other places between 2009-2013, etc.)The debris flow in Qipangou not only damaged the post-disaster reconstruction results in the gully mouth accumulation area, but also caused great loss of life and property to the people in the disaster area.At present, the prediction of debris flow risk areas at home and abroad is usually carried out by using empirical formulas or mathematical models based on statistics, but the results of prediction are often quite different from the actual ones. Therefore, an objective method is explored.It is necessary to predict the range of debris flow hazard area.The numerical simulation technology of debris flow can not only invert and reproduce the development process of debris flow, but also predict the debris flow disaster and provide guidance for disaster prevention and mitigation. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have gradually attached importance to it.In this paper, the formation conditions of debris flow in Jiangkou gully are studied synthetically from the regional geological environment condition and debris flow development characteristics, and the motion and dynamic characteristics of debris flow are calculated on the basis of field surveying and mapping.Finally, the large-scale computational fluid dynamics software CFX is introduced to predict the hazard range of debris flow, and the three dimensional flow field of the dangerous area before and after the debris flow control in Jiangkou gully is numerically simulated.The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the regional geological background of the study area is expounded, and the formation conditions of debris flow in the estuary are studied from three aspects: topographic condition, provenance condition and water source condition.According to the calculation of "Rain Flood method", the dynamic parameters of debris flow are determined, the history and frequency of debris flow in Jiangkou gully are investigated and analyzed, and the three-dimensional fluid model of debris flow accumulation area in Jiangkou ditch is established.A large computational fluid dynamics software (CFX) was used to simulate the movement of debris flow in the accumulation area.The complete process of accumulation and flooding of debris flow in the accumulation area and the more accurate danger range are obtained.The movement process of debris flow and the range of dangerous area are simulated, and the simulation results prove the feasibility of the project.It is believed that the application of this method to the study of the vast areas threatened by debris flow in the southwest of China should be able to prevent prediction and avoid the risks in the fields of urban building location and railway line selection in mountainous areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P642.23

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