發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-30 07:52

  本文選題：北京地裂縫　切入點(diǎn)：分布發(fā)育　出處：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：地表土層會(huì)在構(gòu)造活動(dòng)、自然應(yīng)力和人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的作用下產(chǎn)生開(kāi)裂,當(dāng)其具有一定長(zhǎng)度和寬度且致災(zāi)時(shí),則稱(chēng)其為地裂縫,屬地表變形破壞的一種。地裂縫會(huì)破壞土層的連續(xù)性,對(duì)建筑物及農(nóng)田水利等造成嚴(yán)重破壞。我國(guó)華北地區(qū)是地裂縫的高發(fā)地區(qū),給城市發(fā)展建設(shè)和人們的生產(chǎn)生活帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重的影響。北京作為我國(guó)首都,改革開(kāi)放后的近30年來(lái),人口不斷涌入致使北京市快速擴(kuò)張,水資源使用量極大,在原有水資源供給不足的情況下,地下水資源的抽取量逐年加大,地面沉降加劇,形成沉降中心,致使地裂縫活動(dòng)異常,成為制約北京市發(fā)展規(guī)劃的重要地質(zhì)問(wèn)題。地裂縫的形成和擴(kuò)展不僅會(huì)改造地表,引發(fā)地面沉降等次生地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,也會(huì)對(duì)道路、橋梁、管道、建筑等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施帶來(lái)破壞,因此對(duì)地裂縫成因機(jī)制的研究具有十分重要的工程和實(shí)際意義。本文以北京市平原區(qū)地裂縫分布及發(fā)育特征為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行區(qū)劃,研究了北京市各地裂縫種類(lèi)及典型地裂縫黃莊-高麗營(yíng)地裂縫的具體分布及成因機(jī)制。論文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及成果如下:(1)通過(guò)收集資料和閱讀文獻(xiàn),獲得北京市的自然條件、地形地貌、地層巖性、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、水文地質(zhì)條件和常見(jiàn)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的資料,在此基礎(chǔ)上研究北京市平原區(qū)地裂縫的整體分布及發(fā)育概況。綜合分析可得出北京平原區(qū)地裂縫優(yōu)勢(shì)方向?yàn)镹E向,活動(dòng)性較強(qiáng)的地裂縫均與斷裂帶相伴相生;北京市平原區(qū)地裂縫分布具有明顯的地域性特征,據(jù)此劃分為6大地裂縫帶分布區(qū)域。北京市活動(dòng)性最強(qiáng)的地裂縫帶為黃莊-高麗營(yíng)斷裂誘發(fā)的黃莊-高麗營(yíng)地裂縫帶,其次是順義區(qū)內(nèi)由順義-良鄉(xiāng)斷裂主導(dǎo)的北小營(yíng)鎮(zhèn)地裂縫及順義城區(qū)地裂縫。黃莊-高麗營(yíng)地裂縫帶與順義城區(qū)及北小營(yíng)地裂縫帶屬于依附于活斷層由過(guò)度抽水引發(fā)開(kāi)裂的抽水地裂縫�；诖�,在《工程地質(zhì)學(xué)報(bào)》發(fā)表文章《北京市地裂縫分布與發(fā)育規(guī)律》一篇。(2)對(duì)典型地裂縫黃莊-高麗營(yíng)地裂縫進(jìn)行深入研究,分析其致災(zāi)及發(fā)育特征,同時(shí)在黃莊-高麗營(yíng)地裂縫破裂帶取土樣進(jìn)行室內(nèi)密度、含水率、顆分及抗剪強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn),得到數(shù)值模擬的參數(shù)。黃莊-高麗營(yíng)地裂縫沿黃莊-高麗營(yíng)斷裂發(fā)育,通過(guò)黃莊-高麗營(yíng)地裂縫周邊取土進(jìn)行室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)可得,黃莊-高麗營(yíng)地裂縫破壞區(qū)的土為明確的粘砂互層結(jié)構(gòu)。在這種互層結(jié)構(gòu)中砂土的固結(jié)系數(shù)較大,比粘性土的固結(jié)較快,因此在抽水過(guò)程中,砂土和黏土的固結(jié)速度不同,上下盤(pán)容易產(chǎn)生差異沉降。(3)利用有限差分軟件Flac~(3D)進(jìn)行斷層面和斷層體貫穿模型試驗(yàn),并作為輔助資料對(duì)黃莊-高麗營(yíng)斷裂帶隱伏時(shí)期的基巖運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行貫穿模擬,分析構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)與水的滲流在地裂縫產(chǎn)生過(guò)程中的作用。通過(guò)試驗(yàn)數(shù)值模擬可以得出,隱伏斷裂由于基巖運(yùn)動(dòng)在隱伏斷裂兩側(cè)逐漸產(chǎn)生裂縫向上傳播,至地表后,由于水的滲流作用向兩側(cè)附近擴(kuò)展。同時(shí),水的滲流對(duì)擴(kuò)大地表破裂有很大的作用,通過(guò)對(duì)隱伏斷裂時(shí)期的數(shù)值模擬可以看出,先存斷裂對(duì)地裂縫的產(chǎn)生有不可忽視的作用。
[Abstract]:The surface soil in the tectonic activities, natural cracking force and human activity, when it has a certain length and width and the disaster, called the cracks, is a kind of surface destruction. Continuous cracks will destroy the soil, causing serious damage to buildings and farmland water conservancy. North China is to crack prone areas, has brought serious influence to the development of city construction and people's production and life. Beijing as the capital of China, after the reform and opening up in the past 30 years, resulting in the rapid expansion of population influx into the city of Beijing, a great quantity of water resources use, in the original water supply under the condition of extraction of groundwater resources increased year by year, land subsidence intensified, the formation of settlement center, resulting in abnormal ground fissures, become the important geological problems of development planning of Beijing city. The crack formation and expansion not only Will the transformation of surface, the ground subsidence and other secondary geological disasters, but also on roads, bridges, pipelines, buildings and other infrastructure facilities bring destruction, so the research on crack formation mechanism has very important practical significance. Based on the engineering and Beijing plain ground crack distribution and development characteristics as the basis for the Division, research Beijing city around the crack type and typical crack distribution and formation mechanism of concrete Huangzhuang Korea camp cracks. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) through the data collection and reading literature, Beijing natural conditions, topography, lithology, geological structure, hydrogeological conditions and frequent geological disasters the overall data, distribution and development of cracks in the plain areas of Beijing on the basis of comprehensive analysis. The plain area of Beijing ground fissure advantage in NE direction, strong activity The ground fissure and fracture zone concomitant; distribution in the plain areas of Beijing ground fissures have obvious regional characteristics, it is divided into 6 regions. The strongest earth fissure zone distribution Beijing city the activity of ground fissures in Korea Huangzhuang Huangzhuang fault induced Camp Camp Korea fracture zone, followed by Shunyi District in Shunyi Liangxiang fault leading Beixiaoying town to crack and ground fissures in Shunyi city. Korea Huangzhuang camp and fracture zone of Shunyi city and Beixiaoying ground fissure belt belongs to depend on active faults by excessive pumping pumping caused cracks. Based on this, the "Beijing City crack distribution and development rule > Article published in < >. Journal of Engineering Geology (2) to conduct in-depth research on the typical crack Huangzhuang Korea camp crack, the hazard analysis and development characteristics, and rupture zone of soil sample for indoor density in Korea Huangzhuang camp containing cracks. The rate of water, and a shear strength test, numerical simulation parameters are obtained. The Korea Huangzhuang Huangzhuang Korea camp along the crack development camp fracture, laboratory tests were made available through the camp Korea Huangzhuang Huangzhuang Korea surrounding soil cracks, crack damage zone camp soil as clear sand interbedded sand in the structure. The structure of the consolidation coefficient is bigger, faster than the consolidation, therefore in the pumping process, consolidation velocity of sand and clay in different footwall prone to differential settlement. (3) by using the finite difference software Flac~ (3D) of fault plane and fault body through model test, and as supplementary information the Korea Huangzhuang fault zone during the period of camp buried bedrock motion throughout the simulation, seepage analysis of tectonic movement and water production function in the process of crack. Through the test of numerical simulation can be drawn, because the movement of bedrock buried fault Gradually cracks propagating upward in buried fault on both sides, to the surface, due to the seepage of water is extended to near both sides. At the same time, the water seepage on the expansion of surface rupture has great effect. Based on the numerical simulation of the buried fault period can be seen, first deposit has a role can not be ignored fault on ground fissures.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P642.2

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