本文選題：瞬變電磁　切入點(diǎn)：礦井　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：山西省是我國(guó)的產(chǎn)煤大省，年產(chǎn)量占到全國(guó)煤炭年產(chǎn)量的1/4，而且在未來很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間里，煤炭仍將是我省的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。伴隨煤礦生產(chǎn)帶來的巨大財(cái)富，煤礦安全預(yù)警一直以來都是困擾煤礦企業(yè)的難題，而在各類災(zāi)害事故中，水害又是僅次于瓦斯事故的第二大災(zāi)害。做好煤礦水害的超前預(yù)警工作，對(duì)保障煤礦企業(yè)正常生產(chǎn)，保護(hù)工作人員的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)有著重要的意義。 目前用于煤礦下水害超前探測(cè)的方法很多，包括高密度電法、瞬變電磁法、地震反射法、雷達(dá)法、TSP超前預(yù)報(bào)方法等，礦井瞬變電磁的發(fā)展是以地面瞬變電磁為基礎(chǔ)，在應(yīng)用時(shí)需要考慮礦井巷道的全空間條件。由于礦井瞬變電磁法對(duì)低阻體反映靈敏，具有分辨率高、探測(cè)深度大、施工便捷、定向性好等特點(diǎn)，被認(rèn)為是探測(cè)具有低電阻率的含水帶最有效的方法之一，，可利用瞬變電磁技術(shù)對(duì)礦井巷道頂?shù)装濉⒆笥覀?cè)幫及掘進(jìn)面前方實(shí)施全方位探測(cè)。 本文首先從麥克斯韋方程組出發(fā)，介紹了主要應(yīng)用于地面的半空間瞬變電磁法和應(yīng)用于礦井下的全空間瞬變電磁法的理論基礎(chǔ)。由于半空間瞬變電磁法更為成熟，礦井瞬變電磁法的數(shù)學(xué)模型、全空間視電阻率計(jì)算以及深度計(jì)算等方面會(huì)更多的參考半空間理論，得出了兩個(gè)導(dǎo)體半空間分界面上垂直偶極子的電磁場(chǎng)的分布，計(jì)算了礦井全空間晚期視電阻率和校正系數(shù)，并且得到在礦井巷道內(nèi)，瞬變電磁的探測(cè)深度是地面深度的1~1.2倍的結(jié)論。 其次，本文針對(duì)礦井瞬變電磁設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)的不足，包括在關(guān)斷瞬間發(fā)射電流的下降時(shí)間過長(zhǎng)以及重疊回線互感強(qiáng)烈等，對(duì)瞬變電磁的發(fā)射電路進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)，設(shè)計(jì)了控制、驅(qū)動(dòng)、發(fā)射電路，改變了發(fā)射電路的關(guān)斷順序，同時(shí)采用瞬變電磁磁探頭代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)接收線圈作為傳感器，對(duì)接收機(jī)的采樣門設(shè)置和磁探頭的幅頻特性和結(jié)構(gòu)做了介紹。 最后，本文介紹了同煤四臺(tái)礦的水文地質(zhì)條件，并在四臺(tái)礦下多個(gè)有突水隱患的工作面進(jìn)行了瞬變電磁探水實(shí)驗(yàn)，對(duì)系統(tǒng)的整機(jī)效果進(jìn)行了測(cè)試，同時(shí)將磁探頭和線圈在礦井下的探測(cè)性能進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試結(jié)果表明，改進(jìn)后的瞬變電磁系統(tǒng)能夠在礦井下對(duì)低阻異常水體實(shí)現(xiàn)更精確的探測(cè)。
[Abstract]:Shanxi Province is the largest coal-producing province in China, accounting for a quarter of the country's annual coal output, and in a very long period of time, coal will still be the pillar industry of our province. With the huge wealth brought by coal mine production, Coal mine safety early warning has always been a difficult problem for coal mining enterprises, and among all kinds of disaster accidents, water disaster is the second most serious disaster after gas accident. To ensure the normal production of coal mine enterprises, it is necessary to do well the advance warning work of coal mine water hazard. It is of great significance to protect the life and property of the staff. At present, there are many methods used to detect water hazards in coal mines, including high-density electrical method, transient electromagnetic method, seismic reflection method, radar method and tsp advanced prediction method. The development of mine transient electromagnetic is based on ground transient electromagnetic. It is necessary to consider the full space condition of mine roadway when it is applied. Because mine transient electromagnetic method is sensitive to the low resistance body, has the characteristics of high resolution, high detection depth, convenient construction, good orientation, etc. It is considered to be one of the most effective methods to detect the water-bearing zone with low resistivity. The transient electromagnetic technique can be used to detect the roof and bottom plate of mine roadway, the left and right side of the tunnel and the front of the excavation. Based on Maxwell's equations, this paper first introduces the theoretical basis of the semi-space transient electromagnetic method which is mainly applied to the ground and the whole space transient electromagnetic method under the mine. Because the half-space transient electromagnetic method is more mature, the half-space transient electromagnetic method is more mature. The mathematical model of mine transient electromagnetic method, the calculation of full space apparent resistivity and depth calculation will have more reference half-space theory, and the distribution of the electromagnetic field of vertical dipole on the semi-space boundary of two conductors is obtained. The late apparent resistivity and correction coefficient in the whole space of the mine are calculated, and it is concluded that the detection depth of transient electromagnetic in the mine roadway is 1or 1.2 times that of the ground depth. Secondly, aiming at the shortage of the design of transient electromagnetic equipment in mine, including the long time of decreasing current in turn off moment and the strong mutual inductance of overlapping loop, this paper improves the transmission circuit of transient electromagnetic, designs the control and drive, and so on. The transmission circuit changes the turn-off sequence of the transmission circuit. At the same time, the transient electromagnetic magnetic probe is used instead of the traditional receiving coil as the sensor. The sampling gate setting of the receiver and the amplitude and frequency characteristics and structure of the magnetic probe are introduced. Finally, this paper introduces the hydrogeological conditions of Sitai Coal Mine, and carries out transient electromagnetic water exploration experiments on several working faces with potential water inrush under the Sitai Coal Mine, and tests the effect of the whole system. At the same time, the detection performance of the magnetic probe and the coil under the mine is compared. The experimental results show that the improved transient electromagnetic system can more accurately detect the low resistivity abnormal water body under the mine.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P631.325

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