本文選題：高孔隙性巖石　切入點(diǎn)：變形帶　出處：《東北石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：低-非孔隙性巖石和高孔隙性巖石對(duì)受力變形的響應(yīng)特征不同。低-非孔隙性巖石變形主要發(fā)生破裂作用,形成的具有明顯不連續(xù)性的構(gòu)造,如裂縫、節(jié)理等。高孔隙性巖石變形發(fā)生顆粒流作用、碎裂作用及混合和涂抹作用,形成的亞地震構(gòu)造類型為變形帶。變形帶是指發(fā)育在高孔隙性的巖石中,在局部壓實(shí)作用、膨脹作用和(或)剪切作用下,由于顆�；瑒�(dòng)、旋轉(zhuǎn)和破碎形成的帶狀構(gòu)造,具有低孔隙度、低滲透率的特征。在不同應(yīng)力狀態(tài)下,變形帶的類型、特征及成因存在差異。為了明確變形帶的成因機(jī)制及其對(duì)流體流動(dòng)的影響,本文以柴達(dá)木盆地油砂山構(gòu)造帶野外露頭區(qū)和冀中坳陷束鹿凹陷西曹固構(gòu)造帶鉆井取心巖心中發(fā)育的變形帶為重點(diǎn)研究對(duì)象,通過分析其宏觀、微觀及物性特征,明確變形帶類型。利用應(yīng)力狀態(tài)分析和q-p圖解定量分析變形帶的成因機(jī)制。采取數(shù)值模型的方法探討變形帶對(duì)流體流動(dòng)的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:高孔隙性巖石在應(yīng)力的作用下,由于孔隙空間的存在,導(dǎo)致顆粒發(fā)生變形:(1)由于顆粒的重排(顆粒流作用)導(dǎo)致壓實(shí)、膨脹或等體積的應(yīng)變;(2)顆粒接觸點(diǎn)處高應(yīng)力作用下發(fā)生顆粒破裂、破碎(碎裂作用),促進(jìn)剪切作用。根據(jù)其運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)特征,可將變形帶分為膨脹帶、膨脹型剪切帶、剪切帶、壓實(shí)型剪切帶、剪切增強(qiáng)型壓實(shí)帶和壓實(shí)帶。當(dāng)有效平均應(yīng)力較小時(shí),在拉應(yīng)力的作用下形成膨脹型變形帶,隨著平均應(yīng)力的增大,由于壓應(yīng)力的作用,形成壓實(shí)型變形帶。若存在差應(yīng)力,發(fā)生剪切作用,形成剪切型變形帶。在差應(yīng)力和有效平均應(yīng)力的共同作用下,形成膨脹型剪切帶、壓實(shí)型剪切帶或剪切增強(qiáng)型壓實(shí)帶。油砂山構(gòu)造帶中的變形帶為碎裂帶,形成于擠壓環(huán)境中,由于差應(yīng)力較小,有效平均應(yīng)力較大,發(fā)育成分散式的壓實(shí)型剪切帶,孔隙度同母巖相比發(fā)生明顯的降低,滲透率降低1-2個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí),對(duì)流體流動(dòng)沒有明顯的影響。西曹固構(gòu)造帶的變形帶也為碎裂帶,但形成于拉張環(huán)境,由于差應(yīng)力較大,有效平均應(yīng)力相對(duì)小,發(fā)育為集中式的剪切帶,孔隙度發(fā)生了明顯的降低,滲透率降低2-3個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí),對(duì)流體的流動(dòng)起到明顯的阻礙作用。
[Abstract]:The response characteristics of low-porosity rock and high-porosity rock to stress deformation are different. The deformation of low-porosity rock is mainly caused by fracture, resulting in a structure with obvious discontinuity, such as fracture. The deformation of high porosity rock is characterized by grain flow, fragmentation, mixing and smearing, and the subseismic tectonic type is deformation zone. The deformation zone refers to the local compaction of high porosity rock. Under dilation and / or shearing, the zonal structure formed by particle sliding, rotation and fragmentation has the characteristics of low porosity and low permeability. In order to clarify the genetic mechanism of the deformation zone and its influence on fluid flow, In this paper, the deformation zone developed in the core of drilling coring rock in the west Caogu structural belt of the Shoulu depression and the outcrop area of the Yeshaishan structural belt in the Qaidam Basin are taken as the main research objects. The macroscopic, microcosmic and physical properties of the deformed zone are analyzed through the analysis of its macroscopic, microscopic and physical properties. By means of stress state analysis and q-p diagram, the formation mechanism of deformation zone is analyzed. The influence of deformation zone on fluid flow is studied by numerical model. The results show that the high porosity rock is affected by stress. Due to the existence of the pore space, the particle is deformed. (1) due to the rearrangement of the particle (particle flow action) resulting in compaction, expansion or strain of equal volume, the particle breaks under the action of high stress at the contact point of the particle. According to its kinematic characteristics, the deformed zone can be divided into expansion zone, expansive shear zone, shear zone, compacted shear zone, shear-enhanced compaction zone and compaction zone. When the effective average stress is small, Under the action of tensile stress, an expansive deformation zone is formed. With the increase of average stress, a compacted deformation zone is formed due to the effect of compressive stress. If there is a differential stress, shear action occurs. Forming shear-type deformation zone. Under the action of differential stress and effective average stress, the expansive shear zone, compacted shear zone or shear-enhanced compaction zone are formed. As the difference stress is small and the effective average stress is large, the distributed compacted shear zone is developed, the porosity is obviously reduced compared with the parent rock, and the permeability is reduced by 1-2 orders of magnitude. There is no obvious effect on fluid flow. The deformation zone of the Western Caogu tectonic belt is also a fracture zone, but formed in the tensile environment. Due to the large differential stress, the effective average stress is relatively small and developed into a concentrated shear zone. The porosity is obviously reduced and the permeability is reduced by 2-3 orders of magnitude, which hinders the flow of fluid obviously.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13

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