本文選題：地震檢波器　切入點：差分　出處：《天津科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：地震檢波器是礦產(chǎn)資源勘探技術(shù)中重要的組成部分,其性能的優(yōu)劣直接決定勘探結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性,這對地震檢波器的性能提出了非常嚴(yán)格的要求。多數(shù)生產(chǎn)地震檢波器的企業(yè)致力于各種檢波器的研發(fā),已有多種地震檢波器產(chǎn)品。目前的檢波器測試儀器已經(jīng)不能滿足市場需求,本文針對寬頻檢波器的測試儀進(jìn)行了研究。設(shè)計中考慮到傳統(tǒng)檢波器的測試,所研究的測試儀具有兩種檢波器的測試功能。課題的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)包括:①對寬頻檢波器進(jìn)行理論分析、模型建立和測試方法的研究,結(jié)合寬頻檢波器的特點,實現(xiàn)兩種檢波器參數(shù)的測試;②測試方法的改進(jìn):采用差分技術(shù)實現(xiàn)失真度測試電路設(shè)計,使測試精度達(dá)到萬分之一。③對通信方式進(jìn)行分析,選用短距離傳輸效率較高的串口通信技術(shù),編寫上位機串口驅(qū)動程序以及完成下位機串口電路的設(shè)計,實現(xiàn)兩級數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸。地震檢波器的主要參數(shù)有:直流電阻、自然頻率、阻尼、靈敏度和失真度。本課題將參數(shù)的測試分為兩部分:(1)通過激勵源的雙通道輸出差模正弦波,然后對通過檢波器后的正弦激勵信號進(jìn)行采集,由單片機以串口通信的方式將采集得到的數(shù)據(jù)上傳上位機,進(jìn)行FFT變換及算法處理,得到失真度;(2)激勵源的單通道輸出穩(wěn)定的直流電平,通過切換開關(guān),先實現(xiàn)電壓測試,再實現(xiàn)直流電阻測試,采用單片數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換芯片DAC1282產(chǎn)生直流和交流激勵信號進(jìn)行參數(shù)的測試,測試結(jié)果通過上位機PC端Visual Studio 2012的用戶顯示界面進(jìn)行顯示。本論文完成的主要任務(wù)有四個:第一,建立數(shù)學(xué)模型,分析地震檢波器各項參數(shù)的計算方法,討論各參數(shù)的測試原理以及測試方法。對地震檢波器的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行可行性分析,從理論上找出以上四項關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的可行性方案后,對其進(jìn)行電路設(shè)計。第二,構(gòu)建總體設(shè)計模型,對多參數(shù)測試儀的硬件電路部分進(jìn)行分析、設(shè)計以及PCB板的制作。微處理器采用TI公司研制的MSP430F5438a單片機,應(yīng)用其Flash內(nèi)存大的特點完成對數(shù)據(jù)的存儲。激勵源采用DAC1282完成直流電壓和交流電壓的信號產(chǎn)生,采用全差分設(shè)計方式的數(shù)據(jù)采集板ADS1282完成信號的采集。第三,對測試儀軟件部分進(jìn)行設(shè)計和調(diào)試。軟件部分包括下位機軟件和上位機軟件。完成了單片機程序、上下位機兩級串口通信程序和上位機部分程序的編寫工作。第四,完成了對地震檢波器測試系統(tǒng)的性能測試。通過對過阻尼和欠阻尼的地震檢波器參數(shù)的測試,符合檢波器測試儀國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并且測試儀的準(zhǔn)確性、重復(fù)性和抗干擾等各項性能指標(biāo)良好。
[Abstract]:Seismic geophone is an important part of mineral resources exploration technology, and its performance directly determines the accuracy of exploration results. This puts forward very strict requirements for the performance of the geophone. Most enterprises producing the geophone are committed to the research and development of various geophone. There are many kinds of geophone products. At present, the testing instrument of geophone can not meet the market demand. In this paper, the testing instrument of wideband geophone is studied, and the test of traditional geophone is considered in the design. The key techniques of the research include the theoretical analysis of the wideband geophone, the establishment of the model and the research of the test method, combining the characteristics of the wideband detector, the key technologies of the subject are as follows: 1. The improvement of two testing methods of geophone parameters is realized: the design of distortion testing circuit is realized by using difference technique, and the test precision reaches 1/10000. 3 to analyze the communication mode. The serial communication technology with high efficiency of short distance transmission is selected, the serial port driver of the upper computer and the design of the serial circuit of the lower computer are written to realize the transmission of two levels of data. The main parameters of the geophone are: DC resistance, natural frequency, natural frequency, and so on. Damping, sensitivity and distortion. In this paper, the parameters are divided into two parts: 1) the differential mode sinusoidal wave is output through the two channels of excitation source, and then the sinusoidal excitation signal after passing the detector is collected. By serial communication, the collected data is uploaded to the host computer, the FFT transform and algorithm processing are carried out, and the single channel output stable DC level of the distortion source is obtained. The voltage test is realized first by switching the switch. Then the DC resistance test is realized, and the DC and AC excitation signals are generated by the single chip digital-to-analog conversion chip (DAC1282) to test the parameters. The test results are displayed through the user display interface of Visual Studio 2012 on PC. The main tasks of this paper are as follows: first, the mathematical model is established, and the calculation method of the geophone parameters is analyzed. This paper discusses the testing principle and method of each parameter, analyzes the feasibility of the key technology of the geophone, finds out the feasibility scheme of the above four key technologies theoretically, and designs the circuit of the geophone. The overall design model is constructed, the hardware circuit of the multi-parameter tester is analyzed, and the PCB board is made. The microprocessor adopts MSP430F5438a single chip microcomputer developed by TI Company. It uses the characteristics of large Flash memory to complete the data storage. The excitation source uses DAC1282 to complete the DC voltage and AC voltage signal generation, and uses the fully differential design data acquisition board ADS1282 to complete the signal acquisition. The software part of the tester is designed and debugged. The software part includes the software of the lower computer and the software of the host computer. The program of single chip microcomputer, the two level serial port communication program of the upper and lower computer and the part of the program of the upper and lower computer are completed. 4th, The performance test of the seismic geophone testing system is completed. By testing the parameters of the overdamped and underdamped geophone, it conforms to the national standard of the geophone tester, and the accuracy of the tester. Repeatability and anti-interference are good.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P631.436

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