本文選題：頻率域　切入點：匹配濾波　出處：《成都理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在快速發(fā)展的新世代中,物探儀器精度的提高和理論基礎(chǔ)的進一步完善促使物探方法也在快速發(fā)展。而物探方法的選取,取決于研究對象與周圍物體的物理性質(zhì)差異,基于密度差異的重力勘探更是不可或缺的技術(shù)之一。重力勘探包括數(shù)據(jù)采集,處理與解釋三部分。重力場是疊加場,我們觀測到的重力異常,是觀測點下方各種不同密度體異常的綜合反映,因此如何把我們研究(探測)的某些地質(zhì)體產(chǎn)生的(局部異常)從整個疊加異常中準(zhǔn)確地分離出來就顯得特別重要。想要使分離的異常能更準(zhǔn)確的表達出地質(zhì)體情況,在盡量減少測量誤差、降低儀器誤差的基礎(chǔ)上,而后期的數(shù)據(jù)分析、處理更是起了一個承上啟下的作用,為異常解釋提供準(zhǔn)確的信息,這也是決定反演結(jié)果好壞的前提。從20世紀(jì)30年代重力儀的研制成功至今近100年時間,隨著各國專家學(xué)者的不斷研究與學(xué)習(xí),對空間域方法,包括平均場法,圓周法,切割法等的文章已經(jīng)屢見不鮮,對頻率域濾波方法在異常分離中研究及應(yīng)用寫的較少,并且未給出與非常成熟的空間域方法的效果對比。本文細(xì)致講述了頻率域濾波方法中的匹配濾波和維納濾波理論,然后編寫了相關(guān)計算程序,通過理論模型實驗及分析,論證了頻率域濾波(匹配濾波和維納濾波)對于重力疊加異常的分離效果,并與空間域方法平均場法,圓周法,切割法進行了對比。得出了同一模型下頻率域濾波(匹配濾波,維納濾波)分離異常的效果與空間域方法(平均場法,圓周法,切割法)近似,并在垂向疊加模型下分離異常效果優(yōu)于空間域方法,在時間方面更是短于空間域方法。頻率域濾波在分離異常中的實際意義在于可以從不同的頻譜圖中得出相應(yīng)模型(礦體)的近似埋深信息(維納濾波提取的是重力異常如徑向最大對數(shù)功率譜圖,匹配濾波提取的是重力異常垂向一階導(dǎo)數(shù)徑向平均對數(shù)能譜圖),具有一定的自適應(yīng)性。最后將研究結(jié)果應(yīng)用到四川某銅鐵礦重力疊加異常的分離中,取得了較好的效果,驗證了該方法具有一定的實用性。
[Abstract]:In the new era of rapid development, the improvement of the precision of geophysical instruments and the further improvement of theoretical basis promote the rapid development of geophysical prospecting methods, and the selection of geophysical methods depends on the difference of physical properties between the objects studied and the objects around them. Gravity exploration based on density difference is one of the indispensable techniques. Gravity exploration consists of three parts: data acquisition, processing and interpretation. Gravity field is a superposition field. It is a comprehensive reflection of the anomalies of various density bodies below the observation point. Therefore, it is very important to separate the (local anomaly) produced by some geological bodies we study (detect) from the whole superimposed anomaly accurately. In order to make the separated anomaly more accurately express the geological body situation, On the basis of reducing the measurement error and the instrument error as far as possible, the later data analysis and processing play a connecting role in providing accurate information for the abnormal interpretation. This is also the premise of determining the inversion results. Since the development of the gravimeter in 1930s and the recent 100 years since the development of the gravimeter, with the continuous research and study of experts and scholars from all over the world, the spatial domain methods, including the mean field method and the circular method, have been studied. The article of cutting method and so on has been common, the frequency domain filter method in the unusual separation research and the application write less, In this paper, the matched filter and Wiener filter theory in frequency domain filtering method are described in detail, and then the related calculation program is written, and the theoretical model experiment and analysis are carried out. The separation effect of frequency domain filtering (matched filter and Wiener filter) on gravity superposition anomaly is demonstrated, and compared with the spatial domain method, mean field method, circle method and cutting method, the frequency domain filtering (matched filter) under the same model is obtained. The effect of Wiener filter is similar to that of the spatial domain method (mean field method, circumference method, cutting method), and is superior to the spatial domain method under the vertical superposition model. The practical significance of frequency domain filtering in separating anomaly is that the approximate buried depth information of the corresponding model (orebody) can be obtained from different spectrum maps (Wiener filter is the weight). Force anomalies such as radial maximum logarithmic power spectrum, The radial mean logarithmic spectrum of vertical first derivative of gravity anomaly is extracted by matched filter, which has certain adaptability. Finally, the research results are applied to the separation of gravity superposition anomaly in a copper and iron mine in Sichuan province, and good results are obtained. The practicability of this method is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P631.1

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