本文選題：土壤　切入點：植被　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：洞穴沉積物作為古氣候重建研究的重要載體之一,具有高精度定年、高分辨率連續(xù)記錄等優(yōu)勢,可以提供大量古氣候和古環(huán)境演變的信息。在石筍豐富的氣候代用指標(biāo)中,δ~(13)C記錄因其影響因素復(fù)雜,加之地區(qū)差異和不同的沉積環(huán)境,對氣候環(huán)境指示具有多樣性,但其對古氣候環(huán)境研究的重要意義不可忽視。為了正確解譯碳同位素的環(huán)境指代意義,需要開展廣泛的多點研究及重現(xiàn)性研究,系統(tǒng)研究不同洞穴碳同位素的垂直運移特征及主要影響因素,從而獲取可靠的地表生態(tài)和環(huán)境變化信息。金佛山采集的24件植物樣品的δ~(13)C平均值為-28.91%o,屬于典型的C3植被類型。金佛山植被的δ~(13)C值比芙蓉洞山上植被的δ~(13)C偏重約3%o,主要是受生物物種和金佛山海拔高度的影響。植物葉片內(nèi)外CO：分壓比(Pi/Pa)會隨海拔高度的增加而減小,植物δ~(13)C值相應(yīng)偏重。除JF3剖面土壤有機碳δ~(13)C在深度55 cm處突然顯著偏輕,JF1和JF2土壤有機碳δ18C均隨著深度加深逐漸偏重,至一定深度后趨于穩(wěn)定,這主要是受有機質(zhì)分解過程中碳同位素分餾效應(yīng)的影響。貴州六枝特區(qū)、關(guān)嶺、盤縣采集的植物樣品中既有C3植被也有少量C4植物。由于受貴州地區(qū)生物種類、土壤環(huán)境等因素的影響,貴州石漠化地區(qū)植被δ~(13)C平均值均較重慶無石漠化地區(qū)的明顯偏重。盤縣地區(qū)中度石漠化的嚴(yán)酷環(huán)境和較高的海拔高度會影響植物Pi/Pa,導(dǎo)致該地區(qū)植被δ~(13)C值普遍偏重,另外,也會導(dǎo)致土壤有機質(zhì)分解速率低,使盤縣土壤剖面有機碳含量較其他剖面高。貴州三個采樣點7個剖面的土壤有機碳含量大體都隨深度的增大而降低。ND、LP1、LP2、LP3剖面土壤有機質(zhì)δ~(13)C與有機碳含量變化關(guān)系對應(yīng)明顯,有機碳δ~(13)C值變化均隨著深度增大而變重,達(dá)到最大之后又逐漸變輕趨于穩(wěn)定,反映了該地區(qū)有機質(zhì)的分解程度,而LZ1、LZ2、LZ3三個剖面土壤有機質(zhì)δ~(13)C隨深度的變化差異較大。貴州石漠化地區(qū)的土壤環(huán)境不利于微生物分解,碳同位素在植被和土壤之間的富集效應(yīng)相對較弱。芙蓉洞洞穴水DIC-δ~(13)C表現(xiàn)出夏秋季偏重,冬春季偏輕的季節(jié)變化特征,對地表氣候有明顯滯后性,其主要受土壤CO_2濃度的影響,PCP作用、基巖溶解作用以及包氣帶的開放性等也是重要的影響因素。羊口洞洞穴滴水DIC-δ~(13)C普遍偏重,沒有明顯的季節(jié)變化。推測洞內(nèi)強烈的脫氣作用、土壤水中DIC-δ~(13)C與土壤CO_2的交換不充分可能是導(dǎo)致滴水DIC-δ~(13)C值偏重和沒有季節(jié)性的主要原因,另外,土壤生物活動相對較弱以及基巖溶解也會對滴水DIC-δ~(13)C值偏重造成影響。納朵洞各滴水點DIC-δ~(13)C值較偏重,季節(jié)性變化不明顯,這可能與土壤水中DIC-δ~(13)C與土壤CO_2沒有進(jìn)行充分的交換有關(guān)。納朵洞、芙蓉洞和羊口洞內(nèi)外碳同位素在植被、土壤、洞穴滴水運移過程中的富集程度存在較大差異,可能與它們所處的地理環(huán)境、上覆土壤厚度、洞穴通風(fēng)條件,各階段分餾程度等因素有關(guān)。利用芙蓉洞FR5石筍的碳氧同位素數(shù)據(jù)重建了0-38 ka BP時段重慶地區(qū)亞洲季風(fēng)強度和地表植被生物量以及地表生物過程的變化。FR5石筍的碳氧同位素在總體趨勢上呈同向變化,但在某些時段呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,石筍碳同位素反映有效濕度的變化。JFYK7石筍符合Hendy檢驗,可以用其碳氧同位素進(jìn)行古氣候重建。JFYK7石筍氧碳同位素對氣候變化的響應(yīng)幾乎是同步的,指示了亞洲季風(fēng)區(qū)37.8～78 ka BP時段的季風(fēng)氣候及地表植被生物量及生物過程的變化。兩根石筍的δ~(13)C記錄與其對應(yīng)時期格陵蘭冰芯NGRIP i記錄以及亞洲季風(fēng)區(qū)其他石筍的δ18O記錄的對應(yīng)關(guān)系基本一致,記錄了一系列H事件和D/O事件發(fā)生通過對FR5和JFYK7石筍碳同位素變化驅(qū)動機制的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)軌道尺度上,石筍的δ~(13)C值變化敏感地響應(yīng)于太陽輻射能量變化,百年千年尺度上,北大西洋地區(qū)的溫度變化改變海氣環(huán)流格局,導(dǎo)致亞洲季風(fēng)氣候變化是影響FR5和.JFYK7石筍的δ~(13)C值變化的主要因素。北大西洋地區(qū)變冷,西風(fēng)帶將北大西洋地區(qū)變冷信息傳遞到西伯利亞東部,從而使西伯利亞高壓增強,北半球溫度降低,驅(qū)使熱帶輻合帶(ITCZ)向南移動,亞洲夏季風(fēng)減弱,響應(yīng)H事件的發(fā)生。H事件發(fā)生時,亞洲夏季風(fēng)減弱,氣候干冷,植被生物量減小,土壤生物活動減弱,石筍δ~(13)C偏重；D/O事件時期,夏季風(fēng)增強,氣候暖濕,植被發(fā)育較好,石筍δ~(13)C偏輕。在更短的年際年內(nèi)尺度上,與降水有關(guān)的巖溶地下水的流速與水-巖相互作用、CO_2脫氣作用、先期碳酸鹽沉積以及土壤CO_2的溶解等都可能對石筍的δ~(13)C變化產(chǎn)生了影響。JFYK7石筍氧碳同位素記錄的72～75 ka BP左右的夏季風(fēng)減弱和植被生物量減少以及土壤微生物活動減弱可能是由Toba火山噴發(fā)誘發(fā)的全球性降溫引起的。JFYK7碳同位素與XY2石筍碳氧同位素對比說明,石筍δ~(13)C具有明顯的地區(qū)差異性,因此利用石筍δ~(13)C進(jìn)行古植被恢復(fù)時,需要結(jié)合本石筍δ18O記錄以及其他石筍碳氧同位素進(jìn)行對比,以確保古植被恢復(fù)的準(zhǔn)確性。
[Abstract]:Cave deposits as an important carrier of the study of ancient climate reconstruction, with high precision dating, high resolution and continuous recording and other advantages, can provide a lot of paleo climatic and environmental evolution information. In the climatic indicators rich in stalagmite, 8 ~ (13) C records because of the complex factors, and regional differences and different the sedimentary environment, with diversity on the climate and environment of instructions, but their significance in Paleoclimate study can not be ignored. In order to correct the interpretation of carbon isotope environment refers to the meaning, need to carry out more extensive research and the reproducibility of the study, and the main influence factors of vertical migration characteristics of carbon isotopic system of different caves thus, to obtain the surface ecological and environmental change information reliable. 24 plant samples collected in Jinfo Mountain delta ~ (13) C average value is -28.91%o, C3 belongs to the typical vegetation. The vegetation in Jinfo Mountain Delta (~ 13) C value than the Furong mountain vegetation of 8 ~ (13) C on about 3%o, is mainly affected by the biological species and the Jinfo Mountain of elevation. Leaf inside and outside the CO: partial pressure ratio (Pi/Pa) increases with the altitude and decreases plant ~ (13) C delta values for the corresponding emphasis. In addition to soil organic carbon JF3 ~ (13) C profile at the depth of 55 cm suddenly significantly lighter, JF1 and JF2 18C were soil organic carbon delta with depth gradually tilted to a certain depth, and then tended to be stable, which is mainly influenced by the decomposition of carbon isotope fractionation of organic matter. The Guanling Guizhou Special Administrative Region Panxian, and collected plant samples with C3 vegetation also have a small amount of C4 plants. Due to species in Guizhou area, effects of soil environmental factors and vegetation in Guizhou rocky desertification area 8 ~ (13) C average value obviously higher than Chongqing non rocky desertification area in Panxian area. The moderate rocky desertification the harsh environment and High altitude will affect plant Pi/Pa, in the area of vegetation delta ~ (13) C values are generally biased, in addition, will also lead to soil organic matter decomposition rate is low, the soil organic carbon content in Panxian than other high profile. Increase the content of soil organic carbon in Guizhou three 7 sampling points with gross section the depth of the lower.ND, LP1, LP2, LP3 soil organic matter 8 ~ (13) C and organic carbon content corresponding to the variation of organic carbon was 8 ~ (13) C value changes with depth increases, reaches a maximum and then gradually become light stabilized, reflecting the degree of decomposition. In the area of organic matter and LZ1, LZ2, LZ3 three profile soil organic matter ~ (13) delta changes with the depth of C greatly. The soil environment in Guizhou rocky desertification area is not conducive to microbial decomposition, carbon isotope enrichment effect between vegetation and soil is relatively weak. Furong cave water DIC- Delta. (13 C) showed seasonal variation on summer and autumn, winter and spring are lighter, obvious on the surface climate, it is mainly affected by soil CO_2, concentrations of PCP, factors affecting the dissolution and the bedrock of the vadose zone openness is also important. How the cave drip water DIC- 8 ~ (13) C generally stresses, no significant seasonal variation. The strong that degassing effect, soil water in DIC- 8 ~ (13) C exchange and soil CO_2 may lead to inadequate water DIC- 8 ~ (13) C value and no emphasis on the main reason, seasonal and soil biological activity is relatively weak and the bedrock also on the DIC- Delta water dissolved ~ (13) C value on impact. The Naduo hole drip point DIC- 8 ~ (13) C value is biased, the seasonal variation is not obvious, which may be related to soil water DIC- 8 ~ (13) C and CO_2 in soil were not sufficiently exchange. Naduo hole Furong cave, and how Inside and outside of the tunnel and carbon isotope in vegetation, soil, there is a big difference between the degree of enrichment of cave drip during the process of migration, and their geographical environment, soil thickness, conditions of cave ventilation, relevant factors of each stage. The degree of fractionation of carbon and oxygen isotope data of FR5 from Furong cave reconstruction of the carbon and oxygen isotope changes.FR5 0-38 Ka BP stalagmite during Chongqing Asian monsoon intensity and vegetation biomass surface and the surface of biological processes was similar to the change in the overall trend, but there was a negative correlation between the carbon isotope of Stalagmite in some periods, anti.JFYK7 changes reflect the effective humidity in accordance with Hendy from test, which can be used to reconstruct the paleoclimate of carbon and oxygen isotopes.JFYK7 stalagmite oxygen carbon isotope response to climate change is almost synchronous, indicating the monsoon climate and surface Zhi Beisheng volume in Asian monsoon region from 37.8 to 78 Ka BP time Changes and biological process. Two stalagmites delta ~ (13) C record and the corresponding period of NGRIP I records of Greenland ice core and the relationship between other Stalagmite in Asian monsoon region Delta 18O record consistent record of a series of H events and the D/O events through the research of FR5 and JFYK7 from carbon isotope change driving mechanism. Find the orbital scale, a delta ~ (13) C sensitive response to changes in solar radiation energy, a hundred years of the Millennium scale, change the pattern of temperature change in the North Atlantic ocean atmosphere circulation area, leading to the Asian monsoon climate change is the effect of FR5 and.JFYK7 from 8 ~ (13) the main factors of C value change the North Atlantic cold westerlies will become cold North Atlantic region information transfer to Eastern Siberia, which makes Siberia high enhancement, the Northern Hemisphere temperature decreased, driven by the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) moving south Asian summer Monsoon, in response to.H events in the events of H, the Asian summer monsoon weakened, cold and dry climate, vegetation biomass decreased, soil biological activity decreased, 8 ~ (13) C stalagmite stress; D/O event period, enhanced summer monsoon, moist climate, vegetation growth is good, 8 ~ (13) C stalagmite lighter in the shorter the interannual scale, velocity and water - karst groundwater and precipitation related rock interaction, CO_2 degassing, early carbonate deposition and soil CO_2 are likely to dissolve from Delta ~ (13) C changes affected.JFYK7 stalagmite oxygen and carbon isotope records of 72~75 Ka BP. The weakening of summer monsoon and vegetation biomass reduction and soil microbial activity may be weakened by the Toba volcano induced global cooling caused by the carbon isotope of.JFYK7 and XY2 in stalagmite carbon and oxygen isotope comparison shows that delta ~ (13) C stalagmite has an obvious regional difference Therefore, when stalagmites delta ~ (13) C was used to restore palaeovegetation, we need to combine the stalagmite 18O record and other stalagmites carbon and oxygen isotopes to ensure the accuracy of ancient vegetation restoration.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P597;P532

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