本文關(guān)鍵詞： 雙檢真振幅偏移算法 檢波器不一致性 構(gòu)造 速度模型誤差　出處：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：基于反射波的地震勘探技術(shù)以研究地下地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、反演地層巖性參數(shù)為主要目標(biāo)。地震偏移技術(shù)是反射地震數(shù)據(jù)處理中的核心技術(shù)之一,其中波動(dòng)方程疊前深度偏移為復(fù)雜地質(zhì)構(gòu)造成像提供精確的成像手段。而隨著目前油氣勘探的需求量越來越大,油氣勘探的難度加深,傳統(tǒng)的偏移方式難以滿足日益提高的要求�？碧降木_性在地震勘探技術(shù)中占據(jù)越來越重要的地位。偏移處理曾經(jīng)只關(guān)注于構(gòu)造形態(tài)偏移的精確性,而近來發(fā)展到偏移后能否反映構(gòu)造界面處的真實(shí)振幅。也就是說,人們開始不僅關(guān)注地下構(gòu)造形態(tài)及位置,也關(guān)注地下構(gòu)造巖性是如何變化的;人們開始不僅只利用反射地震資料中的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)信息,也開始利用動(dòng)力學(xué)信息進(jìn)行地震資料處理。對(duì)于疊前深度偏移處理來說,大部分深度外推偏移算法都是基于單程波方程,單程波方程對(duì)于反射界面的真振幅估計(jì)具有先天不足,而真振幅對(duì)于AVO反演具有重要意義。因此,本文使用的一種基于上下檢波器的全聲波方程深度偏移方法,該算法可以準(zhǔn)確求解波動(dòng)方程,從而提供更加準(zhǔn)確的反射界面動(dòng)力學(xué)信息。本文就是基于該套全新的雙檢波器地震數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)及其雙檢譜投影真振幅偏移算法(JiachunYou,2015),提出并測(cè)試在非理想的實(shí)際情況下,該算法的穩(wěn)定性與可靠性,即“魯棒性”。實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中地震數(shù)據(jù)的誤差不可避免且來源有很多。在采集過程有檢波器之間固有的不一致性誤差,各種隨機(jī)噪聲誤差;在地震資料處理過程中,有速度模型不精確帶來的誤差;更有構(gòu)造本身對(duì)地震波能量的具有不同的反射作用,從而不能完全通過偏移達(dá)到繞射點(diǎn)歸位的效果。同時(shí),不同的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造對(duì)于偏移中速度誤差容忍度和敏感度也是不相同的。通過對(duì)這些可能出現(xiàn)的誤差進(jìn)行模擬分析,其目的是為雙檢波器譜投影算法的實(shí)際應(yīng)用提供可靠的理論基礎(chǔ),并為后續(xù)深入研究提供思路。
[Abstract]:Seismic exploration technology based on reflection wave is aimed at the study of underground geological structure and inversion of strata lithologic parameters. Seismic migration is one of the core techniques in seismic reflection data processing. The wave equation prestack depth migration provides an accurate imaging method for the imaging of complex geological structures. However, with the increasing demand for oil and gas exploration, the difficulty of oil and gas exploration becomes more and more serious. The accuracy of exploration plays an increasingly important role in seismic exploration technology. Migration processing only focused on the accuracy of structural migration. Whether the true amplitude of the tectonic interface can be reflected after the recent migration, that is, people begin to pay attention not only to the shape and location of the underground structure, but also to how the lithology of the underground structure changes; For prestack depth migration, most depth extrapolation migration algorithms are based on one-way wave equation. One-way wave equation is inherently deficient for true amplitude estimation of reflection interface, and true amplitude is of great significance for AVO inversion. Therefore, this paper uses a full acoustic equation depth migration method based on upper and lower geophone. This algorithm can solve the wave equation accurately. Based on the new seismic data acquisition system of double geophone and its true amplitude migration algorithm JiachunYou2015, this paper presents and tests the dynamic information of reflection interface. The stability and reliability of the algorithm, that is, "robustness", is inevitable and there are many sources of seismic data errors in actual production. There are inherent inconsistency errors between geophone and random noise errors in the acquisition process. In the process of seismic data processing, there are errors caused by imprecise velocity models, and the structures themselves have different reflection effects on seismic wave energy, so they can not completely achieve the effect of diffraction point homing through migration. At the same time, Different geological structures have different tolerance and sensitivity to velocity error in migration. Its purpose is to provide a reliable theoretical basis for the practical application of the spectral projection algorithm of the double geophone and to provide a train of thought for further research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P631.4

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本文編號(hào)：1538155