本文關(guān)鍵詞： 忻定盆地 黃土沉積 湖相沉積 紅色粘土層 湖退　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：忻定盆地是山西地塹系北部一個(gè)斷陷盆地,位于鄂爾多斯地塊的邊緣。對(duì)忻定盆地的研究有助于加深我們對(duì)青藏高原隆升對(duì)高原本身及外緣地區(qū)的影響的認(rèn)識(shí),同時(shí)為青藏高原階段性隆升對(duì)山陜地塹系列盆地的影響這一研究提供更多的佐證。第四紀(jì)時(shí)期忻定湖盆長(zhǎng)期為湖泊所占據(jù)同時(shí)這里也是一個(gè)黃土堆積區(qū),湖盆如果發(fā)生湖退,黃土-古土壤就會(huì)覆蓋在湖相沉積層之上,一次湖退便會(huì)產(chǎn)生一階湖積臺(tái)地,從盆地的邊緣到盆地的中心通過上覆在湖相沉積層之上的黃土-古土壤的序列,我們可以判斷這次湖退是快速的還是緩慢的。在湖相沉積物中發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩種沉積物質(zhì)一種是紅色粘土層另外一種是非紅色粘土層。本文在南王就(NWJ)三個(gè)剖面采集了樣品,對(duì)沉積剖面進(jìn)行描述,并且通過對(duì)樣品磁化率、化學(xué)元素、粘土礦物的實(shí)驗(yàn)分析得出了以下結(jié)論:⑴在第四紀(jì)中晚期忻定盆地的廣大區(qū)域,長(zhǎng)期為湖泊所占據(jù),經(jīng)過我們的初步調(diào)查和驗(yàn)證發(fā)現(xiàn)區(qū)域內(nèi)至少發(fā)生兩次湖退現(xiàn)象,出現(xiàn)了湖相沉積層之上覆蓋黃土-古土壤的現(xiàn)象。在野外我們發(fā)現(xiàn)忻定盆地有兩級(jí)湖退臺(tái)地,第一級(jí)臺(tái)地海拔高為830m,在南王就及滹沱河附近,在這級(jí)臺(tái)地上我們看到湖相層之上覆蓋了古土壤層,通過對(duì)采集所得樣品的磁化率進(jìn)行分析,我們得到覆蓋在其上的為S1古土壤;第二級(jí)臺(tái)地海拔高度為920m左右,分布于水溝村南溝及下長(zhǎng)樂西溝,在這級(jí)臺(tái)地我們觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)湖相沉積層上覆蓋了紅棕色的古土壤層,這層古土壤沉積層厚、特征明顯、顏色以紅棕色為主,并且由三層古土壤復(fù)合而成也就是常常所說的紅三條,它就是成壤作用最明顯、最強(qiáng)的S5古土壤層。因此忻定盆地在S1、S5古土壤發(fā)育時(shí)期,發(fā)生強(qiáng)烈的湖退現(xiàn)象。⑵忻定湖盆這個(gè)區(qū)域是一個(gè)黃土堆積區(qū),在第四紀(jì)時(shí)期東亞的氣候是干冷和濕熱交替出現(xiàn)的,在氣候處于干冷的時(shí)期形成黃土而在氣候濕熱的時(shí)期形成古土壤。湖相沉積的的物源主要是黃土和古土壤,當(dāng)發(fā)生水土流失時(shí)表層的水土流失會(huì)把湖泊周圍的物質(zhì)搬運(yùn)到湖泊里,不同的氣候時(shí)期湖泊周圍地表所覆蓋的物質(zhì)也是不相同的,因此被帶入湖泊沉積的物質(zhì)也是不同的。通過對(duì)黃土沉積和湖相沉積兩類沉積磁化率、化學(xué)元素和粘土礦物的測(cè)試,我們得出:①湖相沉積物中的紅色粘土層同黃土沉積物中古土壤對(duì)應(yīng)磁化率高值,非紅色粘土層與黃土對(duì)應(yīng)磁化率的低值;②湖相沉積物中的紅色粘土層同黃土沉積物中古土壤對(duì)應(yīng)化學(xué)元素高值,非紅色粘土層與黃土對(duì)應(yīng)化學(xué)元素低值;③湖相沉積物中的紅色粘土層同黃土沉積物中古土壤粘土礦物高嶺石對(duì)應(yīng)著高值。最終我們驗(yàn)證了之前的推測(cè)——湖相沉積物中的紅色粘土層和黃土沉積物中的古土壤相對(duì)應(yīng),非紅色粘土層和黃土相對(duì)應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:Xinding basin is a faulted basin in the northern part of Shanxi graben system, located on the edge of Ordos block. The study of Xinding basin is helpful to deepen our understanding of the influence of the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on the plateau itself and the outer margin. At the same time, it provides more evidence for the study of the influence of the stage uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau on the Shanshan graben series basins. In the Quaternary period, the Xinding lake basin was occupied by lakes for a long time and this area is also a loess accumulation area, and if the lake basin retreats, Loessis-paleosol cover the lacustrine sediments, and once the lake retreats, it produces a first order of lacustrine terraces, from the edge of the basin to the center of the basin, through the sequence of loess-paleosols overlying the lacustrine sediments. We can tell whether the lake retreating is fast or slow. Two kinds of sedimentary material have been found in the lacustrine sediments, one is red clay layer and the other is non-red clay layer. In this paper, samples were collected from three sections of NWJ. The sedimentary profile is described, and through the experimental analysis of the magnetic susceptibility, chemical elements and clay minerals of the samples, the following conclusions are drawn: 1 was occupied by lakes for a long time in a large area of the Xinding basin in the middle and late Quaternary. Through our preliminary investigation and verification, we found that there were at least two lake retreating phenomena in the area, and there was a phenomenon of loess-paleosol overlying the lacustrine sedimentary layer. In the field, we found that there are two grade lake retreating platforms in Xinding Basin. The first stage is 830m above sea level. In Nanwang and near the Hutuo River, we can see that the lake facies layer is covered with paleosol layer, and the magnetic susceptibility of the collected samples is analyzed. We got the S1 paleosol covered on it, the second stage is about 920m above sea level and distributes in the Nangou of Shuigou Village and the Xigou of Lower Changle. In this stage, we observed and found that the paleosol layer of lake facies was covered with reddish brown paleosols. This layer of paleosol is thick, distinctive, mainly red-brown in color, and composed of three layers of paleosol, which is often called the red three bands, which is the most obvious earth-forming effect. The strongest S 5 paleosol layer. Therefore, during the development period of S1 and S5 paleosols, a strong lake retreat occurred in Xinding basin. The area of Xinding Lake basin is a loess accumulation area, and the climate of East Asia appeared alternately in dry, cold and humid heat during the Quaternary period. Loess is formed in dry and cold climate and paleosol is formed in humid and hot climates. The source of lacustrine deposition is mainly loess and paleosol. When soil erosion occurs, soil and water loss on the surface carries the material around the lake into the lake, and the material covered by the surface around the lake is different in different climatic periods. So the materials brought into the lake deposits are different. By testing the magnetic susceptibility, chemical elements and clay minerals of the loess and lacustrine deposits, We have obtained the corresponding high magnetic susceptibility between the red clay layer in the lacustrine sediments and the paleosols in the loess sediments. The red clay layer in the lacustrine sediments corresponding to the magnetic susceptibility of the loess and the non-red clay layer corresponds to the high value of the chemical elements in the paleosols of the loess sediments. The red clay layer in the lacustrine sediments with low value of chemical elements corresponding to the loess and the paleosol clay mineral kaolinite in the loess sediments correspond to high values. Finally, we verified the previous conjecture-lacustrine sediments. The red clay layer in the soil corresponds to the paleosol in the loess sediment. The non-red clay layer corresponds to loess.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P534.63

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