本文關(guān)鍵詞： 山區(qū)干線公路 GIS 地質(zhì)災(zāi)害 危險(xiǎn)性 評價(jià)指標(biāo)　出處：《長安大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,氣象災(zāi)害種類繁多,目前因地質(zhì)災(zāi)害、降雨等條件引起的山區(qū)干線公路交通事故、交通中斷、交通延誤等屢見不鮮,給人們的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p失。本文依據(jù)安康市干線公路實(shí)際地質(zhì)災(zāi)害狀況開展研究,對安康市地質(zhì)災(zāi)害類型、分布規(guī)律及形成因素進(jìn)行分析,對地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險(xiǎn)性進(jìn)行評估,并提出相應(yīng)的對策。首先,論文闡述地質(zhì)災(zāi)害區(qū)域分布特征與形成機(jī)理,選取巖性因子、地形因子、植被因子、降雨因子、地震因子等作為地質(zhì)災(zāi)害形成的主要因子,運(yùn)用層次分析法確定各因子的權(quán)重。探討基于GIS與RS的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害評價(jià)因子提取量化的方法,在ArcGIS與ERDAS軟件支持下,利用DEM數(shù)據(jù)提取地形因子,利用遙感影像圖提取植被覆蓋率,采用克里格插值方法進(jìn)行了降雨量插值,最終得到地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的各類評價(jià)因子。其次,對上述評價(jià)因子進(jìn)行重分類、無量綱化處理、柵格圖層加權(quán)疊加等操作,得到安康市地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險(xiǎn)性區(qū)劃,分為五個(gè)等級:低危險(xiǎn)、較低危險(xiǎn)、中度危險(xiǎn)、高危險(xiǎn)、極高危險(xiǎn)。在此基礎(chǔ)上將安康市干線公路網(wǎng)與安康市地質(zhì)災(zāi)害區(qū)劃圖疊加,完成干線公路地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險(xiǎn)性評估。最后,根據(jù)危險(xiǎn)性等級評價(jià)結(jié)果,結(jié)合災(zāi)害實(shí)際發(fā)生情況,提出相應(yīng)的預(yù)防對策,為安康市地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治與公路安全保障決策提供依據(jù)。區(qū)劃結(jié)果表明:安康市干線公路地質(zhì)災(zāi)害主要分布在漢陰、紫陽、嵐皋,旬陽、白河為地質(zhì)災(zāi)害低發(fā)區(qū)。同時(shí)將地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險(xiǎn)性區(qū)劃圖與近年安康市地質(zhì)災(zāi)害情況進(jìn)行對比檢驗(yàn),結(jié)果基本吻合,說明GIS與RS能夠較好的應(yīng)用于地質(zhì)災(zāi)害評估,這對安康市及其他地區(qū)的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)警與道路交通安全運(yùn)行保障有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:There are many kinds of geological disasters and meteorological disasters in China. At present, traffic accidents, traffic disruptions, traffic delays, etc., caused by geological disasters, rainfall and other conditions, are common occurrence in mountain areas. According to the actual geological disaster situation of highway in Ankang City, the types, distribution and forming factors of geological hazards in Ankang City are analyzed, and the risk of geological disasters is evaluated. First of all, the paper expounds the regional distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of geological disasters, and selects lithologic factors, terrain factors, vegetation factors, rainfall factors, seismic factors as the main factors of geological hazards formation. The weight of each factor is determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The method of extracting and quantifying geological hazard evaluation factors based on GIS and RS is discussed. With the support of ArcGIS and ERDAS, topographic factors are extracted from DEM data and vegetation coverage is extracted from remote sensing images. Kriging interpolation method is used to carry out rainfall interpolation, and finally various evaluation factors of geological hazards are obtained. Secondly, the above evaluation factors are reclassified, dimensionless processing, grid layer weighted superposition, and so on. The zoning of geological hazard risk in Ankang City is divided into five grades: low danger, low danger, moderate danger, high danger, very high danger. On this basis, the highway network of Ankang City and the geological hazard zoning map of Ankang City are superimposed. Finally, according to the evaluation results of risk grade, combined with the actual occurrence of disasters, the corresponding preventive measures are put forward. The results show that the geological hazards of main highway in Ankang are mainly distributed in Hanyin, Ziyang, Langao, Xunyang, etc. Baihe River is a low occurrence area of geological hazards. The geological hazard zoning map is compared with the geological hazard situation of Ankang City in recent years, and the results are basically consistent. The results show that GIS and RS can be applied to geological hazard assessment better. It has certain guiding significance for early warning of geological hazard risk and operation guarantee of road traffic safety in Ankang City and other areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U412.22;P694

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